Lymph nodes are immune organs of the human body, when there is an enlargement of lymph nodes, it is necessary to take into account the patient’s clinical manifestations, symptoms, as well as the examination of the lymph nodes to find the cause of the disease and make a comprehensive analysis. If the lymph node enlargement is limited, accompanied by lymph node pressure and tenderness during examination, and the patient may have recently developed fever and other manifestations, it can be considered that the lymph node enlargement is caused by inflammation. If the patient has painless lymph node enlargement in the supraclavicular fossa, and there is a tendency of gradual growth, it is necessary to be alert to whether it is lymph node metastasis caused by tumor disease. If the patient develops rupture of enlarged lymph nodes, which does not heal after conventional treatment, it is necessary to be alert to whether it is lymph node tuberculosis. If the patient has generalized lymph node enlargement with progressive emaciation and weight loss combined with other infections, it is necessary to be vigilant for immune system disorders, the most common of which is AIDS. These causes need to be clarified by further investigations, and if necessary, a lymph node biopsy can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.