Malignant reticulocytosis is a hematologic malignancy originating from the reticuloendothelium with a poor prognosis. It is rare in clinical practice and can occur in people of any age, but is more common in young adults. It has similar clinical manifestations to other hematologic malignancies, such as fever, splenomegaly, emaciation, hemorrhage, and so on, and some patients may have enlarged lymph nodes, and blood counts may show a variety of cellular decreases. Malignant reticulocytosis blood cells can find abnormal reticulocytes, but the diagnosis needs to be clarified by bone marrow aspiration. Due to the small population of these patients, it is difficult to conduct large-scale clinical studies, and specific treatment modalities are limited, with poor overall efficacy. In recent years, targeted immunotherapy has the potential to enable some patients to achieve better therapeutic results.