The presence of a tumor cavity after chemotherapy is a good sign that the chemotherapy was effective and resulted in necrosis in the center of the tumor. In the normal course of chemotherapy, the chemotherapeutic agents will kill specific tumor cells when they are effective, resulting in different degrees of necrosis in the center of the tumor, which is shown as a cavity in the imaging. This indicates that the chemotherapeutic agent and the chemotherapy treatment have a direct therapeutic effect on the tumor, and follow-up or consolidation therapy can be considered. The presence of a cavity in the tumor after chemotherapy can be considered as a therapeutic effect. However, if the tumor spontaneously develops a cavitary growth before chemotherapy drug exposure, it needs to be considered as a case of tumor deterioration or excessive growth rate. Spontaneous tumor cavitation may instead lead to rupture of blood vessels in or around the tumor and trigger local tissue bleeding. After abnormal cavitation is detected on tumor imaging, further enhanced CT or pathology should be performed in the hospital, along with a history of drug use to determine the specific cause.