Cataracts and glaucoma are both common geriatric and multidisease diseases. When glaucoma cannot be controlled by medication and requires surgery, some patients have cataract at the same time, which surgery is most beneficial to the patient? Generally speaking, there are three options: 1) glaucoma surgery first, followed by cataract surgery later; 2) cataract surgery first, followed by glaucoma surgery later; 3) combined glaucoma and cataract IOL implantation surgery. The choice of surgery depends on the following factors: the history of glaucoma, the duration of glaucoma medication, the amount of glaucoma medication and the response to medication, the frequency and severity of glaucoma attacks, the degree of atrial angle adhesions, the degree of crystal clouding, the depth of the anterior chamber, the severity of visual field, the degree of optic nerve atrophy, and the control of intraocular pressure before surgery. The advantages of combined glaucoma cataract surgery are obvious, as one surgery solves two problems, costs less than two surgeries, and can improve vision after surgery. However, due to the relative difficulty of the surgery, it is also necessary to have solid knowledge related to glaucoma and cataract surgery skills, as well as the ability to handle complications during and after surgery. With the popularity and development of ultrasonic cataract removal surgery techniques and IOL materials, more and more ophthalmologists recognize that combined glaucoma cataract surgery to treat primary angle-closure glaucoma with combined cataract is a good approach. The main advantage is that it maximizes the removal of factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of closed-angle glaucoma and establishes a new atrial drainage channel, which greatly reduces the variety of complications that can arise from glaucoma filtration surgery alone. This procedure is also suitable for patients with open-angle glaucoma combined with cataract.