For patients who have been through surgery and anesthesia, what they see and feel is just “a shot” and then “sleep”, and when they wake up, the surgery is over, but it is hard for them to appreciate the work and effort that anesthesiologists put in behind the scenes of the surgery. Anesthesia is more than just “giving a shot”! Anesthesia does not mean sleeping. Since everyone has different tolerance and reaction to anesthetics, accidents and complications will inevitably occur during anesthesia. These include circulatory depression, cardiac arrest, vomiting, reflux and aspiration, and nerve damage. This is why in the entire surgical process, the anesthesiologist can not leave the patient step by step, and to know every step of the operation and the next step; on a variety of anesthesia drug indications, contraindications and drug interactions fully understand, and at any time according to the needs of the operation, the adjustment of anesthesia and dosage of the reason. The reason is to make the patient’s vital functions always controlled at the normal physiological level. Therefore, anesthesia is never as simple as “a shot and a nap”. The important thing is to monitor and diagnose changes in vital functions caused by various factors during surgery and recovery from anesthesia, and to provide timely treatment to ensure the safety of patients in the perioperative period. In daily life there are many people who have some prejudice against anesthesia, thinking that anesthesia is not good and that it has an effect on the body. Some people are afraid of anesthesia and have to undergo anesthesia only as a last resort in case of life-threatening diseases. In fact, the positive effects of anesthesia on the elimination of pain and the maintenance of the patient’s vital functions far outweigh the possible negative effects of anesthesia itself. Anesthesia is not perfect; how likely is it to be dangerous? According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, maternal deaths caused by the epidural itself during cesarean anesthesia and labor analgesia are 1.7 per million. What are the risks of anesthesia? All surgeries and anesthesia carry a certain amount of risk, determined by a variety of factors such as the type of surgery, the patient’s physical condition and the presence or absence of comorbidities with serious other systemic diseases. During surgery, the anesthesiologist is directly involved in the life support of the patient, monitoring the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, and the balance of the internal environment to ensure that the patient’s vital signs are stable. There is basically no difference between a surgeon operating on a patient of different ages, 1 year old, 30 years old, 80 years old, as long as the disease is the same; however, there is a world of difference between anesthesiologists when considering anesthesia options. There is only minor surgery, not minor anesthesia. Regardless of any type of anesthesia, due to the inherent side effects of anesthetics, the complexity of the condition and the adverse stimuli of surgery, unpredictability will lead to drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient, or even life-threatening, these emergencies need to be handled by anesthesiologists in a timely and correct manner in order to bring the patient back from the dead.