According to statistics, among all causes of pain, the first one is headache caused by cold and flu, and the second one is low back pain. About 80 percent of adults worldwide will suffer from low back pain at least once in their lifetime. When a cold clears up, a headache naturally clears up. Not so with low back pain, which statistically turns chronic in about 10 percent of patients for more than three months or even decades. Many of them will eventually be forced to undergo surgery. Therefore, it is important to actively prevent low back pain, treat it, and manage the health of the back. The following text is a piece of advice for readers who are already suffering from chronic low back pain or who often feel discomfort in their lower back. Three Disciplines Article 1 Healthy Lifestyle Please remember that the lower back is not used to breathe air nor to digest food. In other words, the experience of taking pills, injections, infusions, etc. for pneumonia and stomach problems cannot be used to deal with back problems. What does the waist do? Its job is how to strain to move a piece of furniture, or to withstand the violent recoil force from the ground when running violently, these forces are very large, can be hundreds of kilograms, enough to twist a steel pipe. The waist is far less hard than a steel pipe, it is composed of five vertebrae connected together, every two vertebrae between the connecting device called “intervertebral disc”, it is not as hard as the vertebrae. Therefore, the great challenge facing the waist every day is how to face a variety of external forces, which requires it to be strong enough. If the back is not strong enough to face the daily challenges, back pain will occur. Therefore, the first principle of protecting and treating lumbar spine diseases is to use the waist correctly and reasonably in daily life to reduce the chances of overworking and injuring the waist, the following are a few common knowledge that will help readers with waist problems. Stand with your legs as far apart as possible to increase the support of the body. Readers can try it themselves, feet together when standing twist the waist, and then changed to stand on separate legs twist the waist, the latter waist will feel much easier. Stand for a long time, you can squat down for 30 seconds, and many times, back pain will disappear wonderfully. Or, put a small bench in front of your feet, will take turns to put both feet on it, will relax the back. When you don’t have to think about image, simply stand on one leg and kneel on the other in a chair, your lumbar spine will thank you. Try to avoid bending over to carry things. The correct way is to squat down, tighten things in your abdomen, and then slowly stand up. Many chores require long periods of bending over, such as mopping floors and cooking, and readers with severe back pain are advised to reduce the time spent doing chores, or make modifications to household items, such as using a longer mop or kneeling on the floor to wipe the floor and raise the counter. Remember, a simple change can last you a lifetime. Don’t carry things when you walk. Try to reduce the weight of your handbag. A shoulder bag allows for even force on the lumbar spine and is better than a shoulder bag. Try to walk in small, brisk steps with a tucked-in stomach and chest. In fact, a brisk half-hour walk (6 km/h) every day is an important part of a home rehabilitation program for low back pain. High heels and boat shoes can cause damage to the lumbar spine if there is already low back discomfort. High-quality travel shoes and soft-soled shoes would be a good choice. When you want to sit down, look around and find the most ergonomic chair with the following characteristics: hard back and project forward in the position of the waist, so that you can comfortably lean back; chair surface to hard, the kind of spring slack led to the chair surface loose chair will torture you an afternoon. If you can not find a chair, sit on the bench as straight as possible; if it is a whole body will be trapped in the sofa, simply lie down and forget about the last word about the bed. In most cases, the current market for soft and hard Simmons bed are okay, many patients with low back pain sleep on the floor, sleep light bed plate can not be necessary. When lying on your back, you can put two quilts under your calves and elevate your lower limbs, which is good for blood flow back to the heart and will relax your back, killing two birds with one stone. When lying on your side, the right side is under, curl your legs tight sleeping position will also play the same role. The second healthy and reasonable exercise The use of scientific and reasonable way to exercise the muscles of the waist, can make the waist become more solid. Healthy people, brisk walking, freestyle swimming, cycling, Pilates, are good ways to exercise. Long-term office workers have a higher chance of waist problems, the use of fitness balls for training is the most effective and easier to adhere to the way. Exercise ball is generally made of rubber, diameter in 60 cm or so, inflatable weight can be more than 500 kg, the use of exercise ball movements can also be found on the Internet. Lastly, people who already have obvious problems with their back, as everyone’s condition is different, the exercise that suits others may instead cause you harm, so it is best to consult a medical professional. In my own experience, most patients with lumbar spine diseases can be relieved to a certain extent through rehabilitation training, and in terms of technology, the suspension exercise training popular in Northern Europe is currently the most advanced technology in the world. Pain is one of the most important instincts of human beings, which has evolved over billions of years. Pain is the body’s early warning system, so that we can avoid harm. The cause of pain is the “bad thing”. Pain is a “good thing. In some ways, pain is our best doctor. When the body is injured, pain forces us to rest, thus creating a good environment for the muscle to repair. When back pain is not severe, rest and physical therapy are recommended to relieve the pain. Only when the severe pain seriously affects the quality of life, it is recommended to take pain medication. Eight notes I. How to take medicine. Western medicine mainly includes painkillers, muscle relaxants, neurotropics, joint cartilage repair and nutrition drugs, osteoporosis treatment drugs and other categories. The first two categories belong to the treatment of symptoms but not the root cause, and I only recommend patients to take them if the pain is very severe or if other methods are not good. The latter ones generally have fewer side effects (with the exception of several anti-osteoporosis drugs), but they need to be taken for a long time and rarely have immediate results. Second, the pros and cons of physiotherapy. Physiotherapy works well for many patients, with few side effects. For some patients whose back pain is not serious, or occasional back discomfort, physiotherapy is convenient and quick. But two types of patients need to pay attention to: one is a serious lumbar sprain patients, in the 48 hours after the injury to make some can expand the blood vessels of physical therapy, but will aggravate the inflammation. In this period, the safer way is to stay in bed or ask an experienced doctor to arrange for “heatless ultrashort wave” treatment. For patients with chronic low back pain, multiple courses of physical therapy should be stopped and other treatments should be sought. Third, the use of lumbar and hard bed. Waist encirclement is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, acute lumbar sprain or severe lumbar disc herniation and other serious conditions, the waist can protect the waist and relieve the condition. On the other hand, the long-term wearing of the waist, lumbar muscles in the principle of the use of waste, will gradually atrophy, but will aggravate the disease. Usually, it is best not to wear the waist for more than two weeks, and those who are in serious condition and need to wear it for a long time must seek the advice of a professional doctor with extensive experience. Most good quality Simmons beds can provide good support for the lower back and it is not necessary to buy a special hard bed. Most patients with low back pain will benefit from sleeping on a firmer bed. But individual patients with lumbar spinal stenosis are uncomfortable sleeping on a hard bed, so there is no need to force it. Fourth, the dialectical relationship between rest and exercise. In most cases, low back pain, especially acute lumbar sprain, bed rest for 48 to 72 hours will effectively relieve pain and help the injured tissue to heal. However, if you stay in bed for more than a week, the inner muscles of the lumbar region, which are responsible for protecting and stabilizing the vertebral body, will atrophy, so longer bed rest does not mean longer healing time and sometimes has side effects. Similarly, exercise is only suitable for most patients with low back pain, and the way it is done varies from person to person. Many people do the “swallow fly” exercise under the guidance of a doctor and their back pain is better. But I have seen many patients who got worse and worse. Therefore, for patients with more serious conditions, when to exercise and when to stay in bed is a very individual issue. Generally speaking, pain can serve as our counselor. If the more you practice the more pain, you should stop exercising; and if the more you lie down the more uncomfortable, you should try to start exercising under the guidance of your doctor. V. Tips for exercising at any time. When seated, you can often practice lifting the anus. When riding the subway or bus, you can pull the hoop with one hand, stand on tiptoe and stand with both knees slightly bent, with the swaying of the vehicle, the muscles around the waist, knees and ankles will be effectively exercised. When lying down, one leg curled and stepped on the bed, one leg stretched into the air (about into an angle of about 40 degrees), and then the waist and back force, lift the back and hips. Fun, comfort and persistence are the true meaning of exercise. Exercise is the most effective way to keep your back healthy. But exercise requires persistence. In my case, I am familiar with all the world’s advanced exercise training methods and was once plagued by chronic back pain for nearly two decades. But at the end of a tiring day at work, exhausted, it’s hard for me to keep doing exercise. Therefore, you should choose what you can stick to rather than the most advanced training movements. Personal experience, brisk walking, exercise on the bus, and some exercise at home using a rehabilitation ball are the exercises that are easier to stick to and are recommended. Sixth, the main points of treatment after acute lumbar sprain and chronic low back pain. Bed rest for 48-72 hours, usually should not exceed one week. 48 hours, young and middle-aged patients can apply cold compresses on the affected area. A peri-waist may be brought, preferably for no more than two weeks. Finally, remember that more than 80% of lumbar sprains can heal on their own and do not necessarily require a trip to the hospital. However, if the back pain is more than three months old, the chances of self-healing are slim and it is recommended to seek the help of a professional rehabilitation doctor or orthopedic surgeon. At this time, exercise training is often the best choice. Seven, how to choose exercise. Almost all sports are good for the health of the person in good health. However, from the point of view of low back health, all strenuous running and jumping or twisting of the waist may be harmful to the lumbar spine. Therefore, readers who already have low back pain or who have multiple parents or siblings with bad backs are advised to avoid the following sports: jogging, tennis, table tennis, bowling, badminton, weight lifting, golf, billiards, etc. Freestyle swimming, cycling, and Nordic trail walking are sports that work for almost all people. VIII. When you should operate. Patients with severe low back pain or radiating pain in the lower extremities that is not relieved by all known conservative treatments, or partial muscle paralysis of the lower extremities, are advised to seek the experience of an experienced spine surgeon and consider surgery. Orthopedics – a leap forward in the treatment of chronic low back pain If we pay attention to our loved ones and friends around us, we will find that many people are suffering from chronic low back pain. They keep seeking medical advice and receiving all kinds of treatment – traction, massage, acupuncture, pain medication, bed rest… Some of them may say goodbye to their back pain, but most of them are still repeating the cycle of pain – treatment – improvement – pain recurrence, and many of them finally give up treatment and suffer in silence. Many people finally give up the treatment and suffer from the pain in silence. Since the waist is the axis and core of the human body, various movements and postures in daily life, such as lifting heavy objects, bending over, running, ultimately depend on a strong lumbar spine. If the back pain is chronic, the patient’s work and daily life will be greatly affected, unable to engage in daily household activities, forced to give up the opportunity to further study, give up their beloved sports habits, and take a long time off work to rest. In fact, in the United States alone, the annual economic loss due to chronic low back pain is over$100 billion. So why do so many people suffer from low back pain, what causes pain, what causes low back pain for a long time, and is there a good treatment in the end? First, let’s look at a set of data, 80% of adults have experienced low back pain, of which 7-11% of patients develop chronic low back pain. This suggests that low back pain is an almost inevitable human disease. The cause of this can be traced back hundreds of thousands of years to the time when humans lived on the savannah. It is well known that mammals walk on all fours and their spines form a graceful arch, thus maximizing the flexibility and sturdiness of the torso. When human ancestors began to walk upright, humans thus entered a new era, and in line with this, the human spine morphology has undergone a tremendous transformation, with the emergence of the cervical vertebrae anterior convex, thoracic vertebrae posterior convex, lumbar vertebrae anterior convex, sacral vertebrae posterior convex a total of four physiological curvature, this structure greatly increased the sturdiness and flexibility of the human torso in the upright state, is a miracle in the history of evolution. However, with the advent of the industrial and information revolutions, human lifestyles have undergone a dramatic transformation. It changed from long outdoor activities to sitting at a desk for long hours of work. On the one hand, the incorrect sitting posture makes the burden on the lumbar spine much greater than the standing position, and on the other hand, the lack of exercise leads to a decline in muscle function, and over time, many people develop chronic low back pain. Therefore, the muscle ligaments and other tissues of modern humans are still not fully adapted to the modern lifestyle is the root cause of chronic low back pain so common. To understand low back pain we must understand the simple anatomy and function of the lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is made up of five vertebrae. Each vertebra is “tied” together by the small articular surfaces on the back side of the vertebrae and the discs in the middle to form a stable but movable joint [see figure]. Our back can bend, straighten, and bend sideways is the specific performance of the lumbar spine joint. The intervertebral discs absorb the pressure from above and below, protecting our spine and nerves from injury within a certain range of forces. The causes of lumbar pain can usually be divided into two types: one is a definite spinal disease, such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spondylolisthesis, etc. Some of these diseases require surgery, and most can be alleviated through traditional rehabilitation, but not cured. In fact, most of the chronic low back pain seen in clinical work cannot be found to have a clear cause and is generally diagnosed as non-specific low back pain. Doctors often fail to propose good treatment methods for such patients, and usually recommend that patients receive physical therapy, traction, massage and other treatments, because the cause is unknown, the efficacy is not good, and patients are often in a state of good for a while, bad for a while, and over time, the confidence in the treatment of the disease is lost. Because chronic low back pain has caused a huge economic burden to society, Western countries have invested heavily in this research for decades and have now formed a set of scientific and effective treatment and rehabilitation system. Its core theory is that the pathogenesis of chronic low back pain is complex and caused by a variety of factors, the main causes include: abnormal biomechanics of the lumbar spine caused by strain on the lumbar tissues, lumbar muscle atrophy caused by long-term braking, psychosocial stress, incorrect lifestyle habits, depression, etc. One of the very important points is the atrophy of the paravertebral muscles, especially the multifidus muscle. In the lumbar region, the multifidus muscle is closely attached to the lumbar vertebrae, and its physiological function is to ensure the close connection of each lumbar vertebra, and to finely distribute the pressure on the lumbar vertebrae, so that the five vertebrae from the first lumbar vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebrae work in a coordinated manner, and are flexible and able to bear the forces acting on the lumbar region year after year. However, the multifidus muscle is also very susceptible to atrophy. Researchers at the European Space Agency used ultrasound studies to find that in most patients with chronic low back pain, the multifidus muscles of the low back are inactive. Under normal conditions, these muscles are constantly active to support and protect the low back. Once function is diminished, it is not surprising that chronic low back pain occurs. After clarifying the main causes of chronic low back pain, modern rehabilitation medicine has developed a whole set of scientific and effective training methods to treat chronic low back pain, such as aerobic training, apparatus exercise training, physical therapy, cognitive therapy, and back pain school, which have achieved better results. Among these complex treatment methods, suspension exercise training techniques can be considered as the masterpiece. In the field of chronic low back pain treatment, there is a difficult problem of how to effectively exercise the multifidus muscle. On the one hand, the multifidus is not controlled by the brain consciousness, this group of muscles works under the control of a complex set of neural networks. Once the multifidus muscle stops working, active exercise training of the lumbar muscles often does not activate the multifidus muscle. On the other hand, in daily activities, the multifidus muscle mainly serves to protect and control the movement of the lumbar spine. When low back pain occurs, in most cases it means that the function of the multifidus muscle has been significantly weakened and has lost its protective effect on the lumbar spine. Blind training at this time can easily lead to further aggravation of the patient’s condition. Among the patients treated by the authors, there are many examples of exacerbation after back training such as the swallow fly. The Nordic origin of the suspension exercise training effectively solves the above two problems, so that many patients can be once effective, multiple treatment after the basic healing. The rapid, safe, and painless results of this treatment depend on two things: a unique mode of hanging the patient flat on his back for exercise; and a unique weight reduction and training aid system. With the help of these devices, the doctor can make the inactive multifidus muscle work again quickly in a single session, similar to waking up a sleeping person. Once the multifidus muscle is awake, the back pain is rapidly reduced. The author has worked at the best orthopedic hospital in Beijing, Jishuitan Hospital, for many years and has used advanced rehabilitation techniques from the United States, Germany, England, Norway and other countries to treat chronic low back pain. From the experience of thousands of successful treatments, I think the suspension movement therapy technique is the most outstanding among them. Not only is it safe, effective and rapid, its treatment philosophy is also similar to our traditional concept of unity of heaven and man and balance of yin and yang. Orthopedics – from standing to talking To talk about the role of muscles, let’s first think back to the athletes on the weightlifting field. They usually tie a wide belt and often exhale when lifting a barbell of more than a hundred kilograms, and then power up to complete the feat of winning the title. Why they have to tie the belt, why a drum, it is all related to the process of human lumbar spine force. There is a mantra: standing and talking does not hurt. It is really the wisdom of the people, and it really speaks to the heart of the majority of lumbar pain patients. Every year I treat hundreds of patients with chronic low back pain, and at least half of them have to describe to me their suffering: they can’t sit down, because they get back pain after sitting for a while. Many times, patients are standing in my office to talk about their condition. Why doesn’t it hurt to stand and talk? This is because when a person stands, the abdominal muscles are in a state of contraction, and when the abdominal muscles are taut, it causes the volume of the abdominal cavity to shrink (imagine the embarrassing moment when we stand by the pool with our bellies taut), and according to the theorem of physics, the volume shrinks, the contents remain the same, and the pressure increases, which means that tensing the abdomen increases the pressure in our abdominal cavity. Like a fully inflated basketball on which a person can stand, the increased abdominal pressure allows the weight of our head, upper limbs and torso to be transferred directly through the abdominal cavity down to the pelvis and lower limbs. And when we sit, the abdominal muscles are relaxed, the body’s weight is mainly transmitted downward through the spinal column bone, if the spinal column bone problems, can not bear such a large weight for a long time, back pain is difficult to avoid. From the above examples we can see how the muscles protect our bones. Also in the human neck, shoulders, hips, knees, feet, there are such “muscle protection of the bones” mechanism is playing a role. Yao’s problem was that he had played too many games in the year before his injury and the muscles in his feet were overwhelmed and went on strike. To borrow a phrase often used by Chinese fans to criticize the Rockets’ defense: poor defense by outside players, who cannot build the first protective barrier, allows opposing guards to easily break into the lane, exposing Yao, who is the centerpiece of the interior defense, to excessive defensive burdens and frequent fouls. Likewise, Yao’s body has a similar problem: the muscles, which are the first barrier, are tired and cannot absorb the huge impact of the ground on Yao’s feet in the first place, causing a huge increase in pressure on the bones of the feet. When the pressure exceeds the limit that the bones can withstand, it will cause the bones to produce tiny fractures. At this point, the self-repair and self-rebuilding of the bones begins. Yao Ming has not been able to get a good rest, and overexertion has also affected his bones’ ability to repair themselves. Eventually, the speed of repair could not catch up with the speed of destruction, and the cracks in the bones grew larger and larger, eventually becoming fractures. At this point, the reader may be a little confused, so that the bones under great pressure is the muscle, the protection of the bones is also the muscle, a slap rub three rub, the muscle is also too inadequate, right. In fact, the specific situation is this, from the functional point of view, the human muscle can be divided into two categories of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, the former is the muscle we talk about in our daily lives, the latter is mostly seen in the intestinal tube, blood vessels and other tissues. Skeletal muscles can be broadly divided into two categories, overall motor muscles and local stabilizing muscles. The overall motor muscles are mostly located on the surface of the body, muscular and strong, mainly used to move the joints, like the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, the sacrospinous muscle of the lumbar region, the quadriceps muscle of the knee (mainly the rectus femoris muscle), they contract with great force, which will produce a lot of pressure on the bones, which is generally a good thing, because it will make the “bone grow under stress “For example, patients who are bedridden for a long time due to illness, the bones will have severe osteoporosis, is because these large muscles rarely exerted when bedridden, the bones lack the proper spur caused. However, when the body’s motor function is disturbed, it can become a trigger for pain. For example, when a person goes up and down stairs, the patella (kneecap) slides up and down on the surface of the femur (thigh bone), and due to various factors, the sliding trajectory becomes abnormal and the patella is semi-dislocated outward, at which time the tremendous pressure generated by the quadriceps muscle causes damage to the articular cartilage on the surface of the patella and femur, causing symptoms of knee pain when the patient goes up and down stairs. The local stabilizing muscles are generally located in the inner layer of the body, immediately surrounding the joints, and serve mainly to protect the joints. In fact, when many patients with chronic neck and shoulder pain or low back pain go to the hospital, after taking an X-ray, the doctor will say “the bones are fine”, but the sad truth is that the subtext of “the bones are fine” is often “they are not fine either. Don’t make a big deal out of it, just go home and get better. How about I give you some painkillers?”. The doctor’s words are often “Don’t make a big deal out of it. Day after day, year after year, these pain patients go from one hospital to another, and the pain is sometimes good and sometimes bad, like a shadow that lingers and stays with them for life. In fact, at this stage, the main cause of pain is that the local stabilizing muscles go on strike, and when they stop protecting the joint, you can move freely (this is the work of the overall motor muscle), but the pain around the joint is unbearable. Summary: Our bones are actually under tremendous stress all the time in our daily lives, but because the skeletal muscle system is a vibrant and dynamic system, it allows the body to cope. Among other things, bones have a strong adaptive capacity (bone grows under stress) and the ability to repair themselves, while muscles can effectively protect bones. Muscles can be divided into overall locomotor muscles, which contract to produce a tremendous torque and thus drive the joints, and local stabilizing muscles, which provide powerful protection to the joints. Orthopedics – The Vital Skeletal Muscle System The Vital Skeletal Muscle System On February 27, 2008, the NBA’s Houston Rockets announced that star Yao Ming would miss the rest of the season with a stress fracture in his left foot. Yao’s fans all over China were shocked and had to ask: Yao, who had just scored 28 points and 14 rebounds in a game against the Hornets four days earlier, had beaten the NBA’s top center Tyson Chandler to the ground, no one stepped on him, no one tripped, no violent collision occurred on the court, how did he wake up and break his own bone? Yao Ming’s injury was undoubtedly a “disaster” for the Houston Rockets, who were on the rise at the time. On May 25, 2002, a real disaster occurred: China Airlines Flight CI611, number B-18255, took off from Taiwan’s Taoyuan Airport to Hong Kong. The Boeing 747-200 crashed 20 minutes after takeoff 23 nautical miles northeast of Magong. All 206 passengers and 19 crew members on board died. After a year-long investigation, the cause of the plane crash was determined to be metal fatigue. Yao Ming’s fracture, a huge disaster in aviation history, two seemingly unrelated events, but the culprit behind them is similar: stress. Let’s first look at what a stress fracture is. The textbook description is generally like this: a stress fracture is a bone injury caused by overuse, when the muscles are fatigued from overuse, they cannot absorb the shock from repeated collisions in time and transfer the stress to the bones, which can cause small bone fractures or fractures. Stress fractures mostly occur in weight-bearing parts of the body, such as the tibia and fibula of the lower leg and the foot (heel bone, navicular bone, metatarsal bone). The susceptible people are athletes with more weight-bearing feet, such as basketball, soccer and tennis players, as well as track and field, gymnasts and ballerinas. Look at what is metal fatigue – mechanical parts under the action of alternating stress, after a period of time, the formation of small cracks in the local high stress area, under the continuous action of the force, the crack will become larger and larger, the material can transfer the stress part less and less, until the remaining part can not continue to transfer the load, the metal components will be completely destroyed, this is metal fatigue. Fatigue damage has the characteristics of suddenness in time, localization in location and sensitivity to environment and defects, so fatigue damage is often not easy to be detected in time and easy to cause accidents. The explanation of metal fatigue can be used to describe the process of Yao Ming’s foot fracture: a top basketball star, in the day after day of high-intensity confrontation, jumping, falling, foot bones constantly bear the impact of the huge body, finally one day, the accumulation of fatigue, collapsed. However, Yao Ming’s fans, especially those amateur basketball fans, will inevitably have new questions: I also run and jump every day, how come my bones are not broken? Secondly, if Yao’s bones are brittle, how come I haven’t heard of stress fractures in his bones before? To answer these two questions, we need to understand some of the laws of operation of the human body. First of all, when we praise someone, we often call them steel warriors, or steel bones, but in fact, the sturdiness of human bones is much lower than that of steel. However, there is a clinical phenomenon that patients with lower limb fractures can gradually walk on the ground after the doctor has reset the fracture and implanted a plate. However, if the fracture does not heal for various reasons, the plate implanted in the body will break. If the fracture heals in time, the plate will remain intact. The reason for this is that, although the plate is strong enough to face the day-to-day stress, its ability to fight a long-lasting battle is far inferior to that of the human body. Why is this so? Because our human body has a strong vitality, specifically in the bones, there are two qualities: strong self-healing ability and adaptability. Let’s start with the first one, the strong self-repairing ability of bones. Some injuries in daily life may cause small fractures in the bones, which are so small that they cannot be called fractures yet. As the saying goes, “prevention is better than cure”, when the fracture is very small, the strong self-repairing ability of the bones is activated to repair the fractured area, and soon, the fracture disappears and the bones become strong again. It can be said that inside the human body, this active “reconstruction work” is carried out in an orderly manner almost every day, we just do not know it. For those amateur basketball players, it is this constant self-repair that allows them to jump on the hard concrete court for years and years. And the second one, strong adaptability. There is a famous law in medicine – bone grows under stress. That is, the more force a bone is subjected to, the stronger it will become. When we are faced with heavy labor or intense sports, these external stimuli are beneficial to bone growth as long as the force on the bone is within its tolerance range. On the contrary, for example, the doctor will use a cast to fix the fractured limb for one or two months. When the cast is removed and an X-ray is taken, it will be found that many patients have healed the fracture, but the whole fixed bone will show obvious osteoporosis, which is caused by the fact that during the period when the limb is fixed, the fixed bone is not subjected to any force, and the natural law of inactivity gradually occurs. The phenomenon of bone decalcification and reduction of bone volume. When we understand the above law and consider the bone as a dynamic, vibrant tissue that can constantly respond to external challenges, it is easy to understand why stress fractures rarely occur in the general population. However, as an athlete, Yao’s bones are far stronger than the average person’s, so why would he break them instead. Let’s look at the explanation from the Rockets’ team doctor: the main reason for Yao’s fracture is muscle fatigue. Bones and muscles are very important motor tissues in the human body, they make the structure of the organism more in line with the laws of mechanics. An important role of the bones is to support, but it can not withstand too much impact by itself, or it will be injured. This is when the muscles come into play, and the muscles attached to the surface of the bones play the role of “impact shock absorbers” in the process of stress. An ordinary person per mile (about 1.6093 km) road, the legs will be subjected to 110 tons of force, weight, exercise intensity are much larger than normal people, “Little Big Man” Yao Ming reached 200 tons of huge. Yao’s foot muscle fatigue, excessive stress is transmitted directly to the bone, the accumulation to a degree caused by the fracture. This passage reveals two messages, one is that in everyday life, the bones are subjected to forces far beyond what you and I can imagine. The second is that the muscles can effectively protect the bones. First look at a few data: when a person jumps up, a single-legged landing moment, we first land that leg to withstand a huge impact, such as the proximal thigh bone to withstand the force can be up to nine times the weight. When we go down the stairs, a small piece of patella (kneecap) can bear up to six times the weight of the weight. Read here, the reader can not help but question, I’m a hundred pounds, why will bear the force of six or seven hundred pounds? Here to slightly explain the laws of physics. We can imagine a seesaw, sitting on one side of the father, while doing six-year-old daughter, the difference between the weight of the two people several times, it is logical that the father should be the seesaw will be low, the little daughter at the other end of the high hanging in the air. However, as long as the father moved his body forward, when he gradually approached the rotation axis of the seesaw, the daughter on the other side will gradually press the seesaw down, and eventually, the father and daughter found a suitable position, together with a fall, playing with fun. Physics is to explain this phenomenon, the distance from the seesaw axis is called the force arm, the weight of the body multiplied by the force arm becomes the moment, although the force is not the same, but the force is small (such as the daughter) if the force arm is long, both sides can get the same moment. Whether it is a tower crane (imagine its long and short arms), a pole scale or the internal joints of the human body, they all obey this principle that moment rather than force drives them to turn. As long as the arm is long enough, you can generate enough torque to “give me a fulcrum, I can pry up the earth”, as Archilde said. Inside our body, many joints move in the same way as a see-saw. Think of the muscles in front of our thighs (medically known as quadriceps, whose main function is to straighten the knee) as daughters and the knee joint as a seesaw, where the force generated by the quadriceps is “amplified” many times due to the different lever arms. When these forces are concentrated on specific bones, they exert a huge amount of stress on them. On the other hand, we all have the experience of jumping up and down gently in place with ease. Jumping off a table will mostly shake the soles of your feet. Any higher, everyone will be daunted. From this experience we will also draw the truth that the body is subjected to the ground reaction force, and the speed of the body. The longer the distance, the faster the speed of the fall, the greater the “momentum” of the body, the greater the force of the ground recoil when it hits the ground. By the same token, the faster you run, the greater the force on the foot. Huge moment, huge momentum, imagine the human skeleton in motion to withstand so much and unharmed, have to be in awe of the power of nature’s evolution and the magic of the human body. And in which plays an important role, is our muscles.