Lumbar disc herniation is mainly due to the rupture of the intervertebral disc’s fibrous ring under the action of external factors after different degrees of degenerative changes, with the nucleus pulposus tissue protruding (or prolapsing) from the rupture in the posterior or vertebral canal, causing adjacent tissues, such as spinal nerve roots and spinal cord, to suffer from irritation or compression, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms such as lumbar pain, numbness and pain in one or both lower extremities. Then what causes lumbar disc herniation? The basic factor of lumbar disc herniation is degenerative disc change, but why does the lumbar disc degenerate? What kind of people are prone to lumbar disc herniation? Countless scientists have worked for several years, and the exact mechanism is not yet clear. According to current research, lumbar disc herniation is related to the following factors: 1. structural factors of the spine Spinal deformity, straightening of the physiological curvature of the spine tends to cause changes in the biomechanics of the spine thus accelerating or causing disc degeneration. 2, physiological factors Age – the incidence of lumbar disc herniation is highest in middle age 30-50 years old, and the incidence of disc herniation is also higher in the elderly population, elderly patients are more common with old lesions, and more often accompanied by lumbar spinal stenosis. Gender – there are more men than women with lumbar disc herniation, and the ratio of men to women is generally considered to be 4 to 12:1. Height – the incidence of lumbar disc herniation is higher in men over 1.8m and in women over 1.7m. Weight – generally too obese or too thin people have a high incidence of lumbar disc herniation. 3, genetic factors Among people with positive family history, the relative risk of lumbar disc herniation before the age of 21 is about 5 times higher than that of normal people. 4, occupational factors The incidence of lumbar disc protrusion is significantly higher in long-term office workers, drivers, those engaged in long-term bending labor (surgeons, etc.), long-term weight-bearers, and long-term standers (teachers, etc.). 5, trauma factors The herniated discs of children and adolescents are often associated with acute trauma such as lumbar sprains, spinal fractures, etc. 6, smoking factors have shown that the nicotine in the cigarette will cause vasoconstriction, lumbar intervertebral disc blood supply is reduced, easy to degenerative changes, and the longer the smoking time, the higher the incidence of disc protrusion. 7, underlying diseases Some diseases can lead to increased atherosclerosis, affecting the blood supply to the disc tissue, which leads to or accelerates disc degeneration, the most common such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, etc. 8, Pregnancy In women, pregnancy increases the load on their back and can easily induce lumbar disc herniation.