Decreased hemoglobin and platelets at the same time are considered to be possibly related to impaired hematopoiesis and excessive destruction of hemoglobin and platelets. The normal hematopoietic organ in adults is mainly the bone marrow, which can produce hemoglobin and platelets. When there are hematologic diseases, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma, etc., which can affect the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, as well as some toxic side effects of drugs (such as cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etc.), can also produce bone marrow suppression, resulting in decreased production of hemoglobin and platelets. Both hemoglobin and platelets have a normal survival cycle, and damaged or senescent hemoglobin and platelets are destroyed and reused in the spleen. When hypersplenism is present, it leads to excessive hemoglobin and platelet destruction, resulting in low hemoglobin and low platelets. When both hemoglobin and platelets are low, it is recommended to consult a doctor for a clear diagnosis and standardized treatment.