Although there is only one word difference between “lumbar disc herniation” and “lumbar disc herniation”, there is a fundamental difference. In the case of lumbar disc herniation, the disc is only found to be herniated to varying degrees on CT or MRI imaging of the lumbar spine, but the patient has no special symptoms or only has discomfort in the lower back. Lumbar disc herniation, on the other hand, can only be called lumbar disc herniation when not only the lumbar disc is herniated on imaging, but also the protruding disc in the corresponding position compresses the spinal cord and nerves, causing a series of clinical symptoms, including leg pain, leg numbness, weakness, walking impairment and urinary and bowel dysfunction. A lumbar disc herniation is mostly an imaging manifestation discovered during an incidental examination, and the patient has no special symptoms and does not need special treatment. In contrast, a lumbar disc herniation is not only a prominent imaging manifestation, but also the corresponding nerve spinal cord is compressed to varying degrees, and the patient develops clinical symptoms and signs before it is called a lumbar disc herniation. The treatment plan is also different. Patients with imaging-only lumbar disc herniation have no special symptoms or only lumbar discomfort, so no special treatment is needed, and rest and bed rest is sufficient. In contrast, lumbar disc herniation often requires appropriate treatment depending on the severity of the condition. For mild to moderate, bed rest can be used for conservative treatment such as medication, while for severe patients, minimally invasive intervertebral foraminoscopic surgery can be considered. If the condition is particularly serious, complex or unsuitable for minimally invasive surgical treatment, open surgical treatment can be considered, which is traditional open fusion surgery, i.e. traditional open surgery.