1. Etiology.
The direct cause of cerebral palsy is a syndrome in which brain injury and/or developmental defects lead to predominantly motor disorders and postural abnormalities before the brain matures.
2. Symptoms.
(1) Motor disorders: poor motor self-control, in severe cases, the hands will not grasp things, the feet will not walk, some will not even turn over, will not sit up, will not stand up, will not chew and swallow normally.
(2) Postural disorders: various postural abnormalities, poor postural stability, 3 months still can not head straight, used to favor the side, or sway back and forth.
(3) Mental impairment: about 1/4 of the children with normal intelligence, about 1/2 of those with mild or moderate intelligence deficiency, and about 1/4 of those with severe intelligence deficiency.
(4) Language disorders: difficulty in language expression, slurred pronunciation or stuttering.
(5) Visual and auditory disorders: internal strabismus and difficulty in discriminating the rhythm of sound are the most common.
(6) Dental development disorders: loose texture, oral dysfunction, sometimes spasms or uncoordinated contractions of facial and tongue muscles, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, difficulty in closing the mouth and drooling.
(7) Emotional and behavioral disorders: stubbornness, capriciousness, irritability, isolation, mood swings, and sometimes compulsive, self-injurious, and aggressive behavior.
(8) There are 39% to 50% of children with cerebral palsy who have epilepsy induced by fixed lesions in the brain, especially children with severe mental retardation.
3. Treatment.
At present, our department has exercise, acupuncture, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen, s-e-t, weight reduction, magnetic stimulation, language training, assessment, etc. We develop rehabilitation plans and treatment programs according to the specific conditions of the children, and have one-to-one therapists to manage them, and the director checks in every week to guide the revision of treatment programs.
4.Prevention.
(1) Before the baby is born: Pregnant women should actively conduct maternity checkups and do perinatal health care.
(2) When the baby is born: Preterm delivery and difficult delivery should be prevented.
(3) One month after the birth of the fetus, we should strengthen the care and reasonable feeding, and prevent intracranial infection and traumatic brain injury.
(4) Pregnant women with the following conditions should have prenatal checkups as early as possible: older pregnant women (over 35 years old) or men over 50 years old; marriage of close relatives; history of unexplained miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and neonatal death; maternal mental retardation or history of epilepsy, cerebral palsy and other genetic diseases in both close relatives.
5. Care.
(1) Diet: The diet should be clean and hygienic, and high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin and easy-to-digest food should be given. Sleep status: Children with cerebral palsy have many treatment items, so it is necessary to ensure abundant physical strength and energy.
(2) Diseases and colds: Most children with cerebral palsy have low resistance and are prone to upper respiratory tract infections, enteritis and other diseases. Attention should be paid to prevention, such as opening the windows and ventilation at least twice a day for half an hour each time to keep the air fresh and circulating and prevent cross-infection, and pay attention to hand washing before meals and after stools.
(3) Family rehabilitation: Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is a long-term or even lifelong process, and the training by the rehabilitator alone is far from enough. Parents should actively participate in the rehabilitation treatment and cooperate with the rehabilitator to train the child in their spare time to consolidate and improve the treatment effect and shorten the duration of hospitalization, and the training should be gentle to avoid serious consequences such as muscle strains and fractures.
(4) Psychological care.
① Children with cerebral palsy are hyperactive, stubborn, and aggressive, and some of them are muted, refuse to talk to anyone, and are accompanied by panic, worry, and anxiety. Therefore, communicate more with the child, encourage the child to interact more with others, exercise social skills and build up confidence.
To overcome the one-sided approach of “raising” and neglecting “teaching”, do not think that the child is afraid of being tired, but should seize the time to carry out comprehensive training on motor, intelligence, language, communication, etc., to cultivate their sense of independence, so that they can take care of themselves, and also It can also reduce the burden of parents.
③Patience, carefulness, soft tone, slow speed, simple and clear language, patience and full listening should be used to communicate with the child, and try to answer the questions raised by the child.
(4) Encourage and comfort the child more often and criticize him/her less, and praise and encourage him/her when he/she makes some progress.