The ovaries are women’s gonads that produce eggs and secrete sex hormones. Female hormones not only promote the maturation of female reproductive organs and produce female characteristics, such as breast augmentation and a wide pelvis, but it is with the action of sex hormones that menstruation and fertility are possible, so the value of the ovaries to women can be imagined! Because of this, some women worry that if their ovaries are cut because of ovarian tumors or other diseases, will they change to men, have thicker voices or grow beards? This concern may be influenced by the behavior and words of eunuchs in movies and TV shows. In ancient times, eunuchs had their testicles removed in childhood, and as adults, they had a thin voice, no facial hair, and an accumulation of subcutaneous fat, giving them an “effeminate” appearance. But what happens to women after they lose their ovaries? It starts with the “beginning of man”. The sex of a person depends on the Y chromosome (or more precisely, the sex determinant on the Y chromosome) in the sex cell. An embryo containing the Y chromosome differentiates into testes at about 7 weeks. This step is extremely critical! Because as soon as the testes appear, they can secrete androgens; androgens both determine the differentiation of both internal and external reproduction toward the male and fail to develop into female internal and external genitalia, and induce the differentiation of the hypothalamus toward the male, secreting hormones continuously rather than cyclically in order to cause a fluctuating cycle of surplus and deficit in the female. In this respect, estrogen is inferior. Because the female internal and external genitalia do not need estrogen to develop, as long as there are no androgens, they will automatically differentiate towards females, with or without ovaries and estrogen. It can be argued that “in the beginning, the nature of man is female”. It is only under the action of androgens that they become male. At puberty, androgen stimulation makes the secondary sexual characteristics mature and the boy grows into a man. Girls, on the other hand, are stimulated by ovarian estrogen and develop into curvaceous girls. Eunuchs are castrated before puberty, so they never have a big waist. The earlier the castration, the more obvious the appearance of non-male and non-female. If the testicles are lost in adulthood, the male secondary sexual characteristics still exist, and although they tend to weaken slowly, they do not disappear completely, and they never grow breasts. Since the removal of the ovaries has nothing to do with androgens, no testicles can grow even if the ovaries are cut, and no androgens are produced, women do not have thicker voices or throat knots, but merely do not have menstruation and cannot have children. It is true that after many years, the genitals gradually shrink and the breasts flatten and sag, just like the changes after menopause, but this is a slow and long-lasting process. If the ovaries have to be removed after the age of forty-five because of illness, there is no need to worry about it, because the ovaries themselves are already in their twilight years. The real problem with removal of the ovaries is not degeneration, but artificially early menopause, which may be difficult to adjust to for a while and thus produce menopausal symptoms, so for younger women a little estrogen supplementation is needed after the operation. If only one ovary is removed, there is even less to worry about.