According to Descants (1664), pain is like an alarm system whose sole purpose is to signal physical damage. Therefore, not all pain requires surgery, and pain disappears when only the physical injury is treated; surgery for pain alone is only a small part of the total range of pain, which mainly includes cancer pain and pain when non-surgical treatment is ineffective and seriously affects the patient’s quality of life. The ideal requirements for the application of surgery in the treatment of pain are: (1) only the nociceptive fibers are cut, and no other sensory or motor fibers are damaged; (2) the surgery is not invasive to the surrounding normal tissues; (3) the pain does not recur after surgery. However, so far there is no procedure that can meet all these requirements at the same time. Commonly used surgical methods include peripheral neurotomy, anterior or posterior cremaster neurotomy, partial cremaster neurotomy, sympathectomy, partial destruction of thalamic nuclei, pituitary destruction, trigeminal sensory root dissection, and stereotactic brain destruction.