The disease is also associated with limited papillary growths caused by estrogen overstimulation. It can be divided into two types: solitary (intraductal papilloma) and multiple (intraductal papilloma). It can be seen in adult women of any age, but it is most common in those aged 40-50 years and less common in men. The cancer rate is about 6% in solitary cases. Intraductal papillomatosis is often multiple, occurring in the middle and small ducts or terminal ducts of the marginal part of the breast, and may involve different ducts of multiple lobules of the breast. Etiology: The etiology has not yet been determined, but more scholars believe that the disease is also related to estrogen overstimulation causing restricted papillary growth. It can be classified as solitary (intraductal papilloma) or multiple (intraductal papillomatosis). Symptoms: The diagnosis is made if a small mass or nodule is found under the areola and its margins, and if there is blood or plasma fluid spillage when light pressure is applied. If the lump is not found, the diagnosis can be made by pressing the tip of the index finger in a clockwise direction around the nipple in the areola area, and an overflow of fluid can be seen at the mouth of the unilateral single breast duct in the corresponding part of the nipple. In some cases, nodules can be found, but there is no overflow when pressed. Most patients have no discomfort and have only intermittent, spontaneous nipple discharge, which is bloody or plasma in nature. However, larger tumors that obstruct the milk ducts can produce painful lumps, and once the accumulated blood is drained, the lumps become smaller and the pain is relieved and disappears. This phenomenon can recur. Most patients are seen for nipple discharge, which is bloody, plasma, or alternating between blood and plasma. In a minority of patients, a mass is found near the nipple. Sometimes small nodules can be found in the areola area, and blood or coffee-like fluid can be released from the nipple when light pressure is applied. The main manifestation of intraductal papillomatosis is a lump with uneven texture and poorly defined borders around the breast, or no lump and less frequent nipple discharge. Diagnosis: X-ray examination: mammography can often show the location and size of the tumor, and some people report that the diagnostic rate can reach 93.7%. Cytological examination of the overflow: Papillary overflow smear can show red blood cells and epithelial cells, and occasionally cancer cells can be found. Treatment care: Surgical treatment: Treatment is mainly surgical and the lesioned milk duct system should be removed for solitary intraductal papilloma. Prior to surgery, correct positioning is required. The overflowing milk duct opening is determined by finger pressure, a blunt-tipped fine needle is inserted, or US blue can be injected, and a radial incision is made along the needle or US blue coloring site to remove the test duct and surrounding breast tissue. Pathological examination is also routinely performed, and radical mastectomy should be performed if there is malignancy. For older patients with active or progressive ductal epithelial proliferation, simple mastectomy is feasible. Intraductal papillomas are generally considered benign, but the malignancy rate is 6% to 8%, especially for papillomas originating from small ducts. It is generally believed that intraductal papillomas are benign, but malignancy can occur in 6-8% of cases, so early surgery is indicated. During surgery, a fine probe can be inserted through the nipple bleeding port, and then the duct can be incised along the probe to find the tumor and remove it; or a small amount of melanoma injection can be injected through the probe, and then a wedge-shaped excision of the gland can be made to remove the diseased duct and its surrounding tissues according to the distribution and direction of the ducts shown in the stain; in older patients, simple excision of the affected breast can be considered. The excised specimen should be sent for pathological examination, and if malignant changes are seen, it should be treated as breast cancer. Prognosis: Intraductal papilloma is benign, but malignancy can occur in 6-8% of cases. Preventive care: Prevention: Women of childbearing age should usually perform self-examination of their breasts: starting from a sitting position. Any nipple inversion, skin depression, and structural shape abnormalities are clues to cancer deep in the breast. These signs can occur if the patient claps her hands over her head to contract her pectoral muscles. When the woman is in the sitting position, it is easier to examine the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary lymph nodes, and finally to perform palpation while sitting, using joined fingers to touch the area under the nipple. In the supine position, a pillow is placed under the ipsilateral breast and the ipsilateral hand is raised above the head so that the breast is evenly spread on the chest wall, making it easy for the fingers to reach the deeper part of the breast cancer. Palpation should be performed in a circular fashion, turning laterally from the nipple outward, and it is especially important to examine the breast that extends into the armpit. The breast examination should first observe the development of the breast, whether both breasts are symmetrical, whether the size is similar, whether both nipples are at the same level, whether there is retraction of the nipple depression; whether there is erosion of the nipple and areola, what is the color of the breast skin, whether there is edema and orange peel-like changes, whether there is redness and swelling and other inflammatory manifestations, whether there is anger in the superficial veins of the breast area, etc.