Chemical structure of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): a glycoprotein, consisting of two subunit peptide chains, a and b, bound by covalent bonds. It is a hormone secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and is composed of glycoproteins. Its main action is to promote follicle maturation. Human follicle stimulating hormone promotes the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the granular layer of the follicle and the growth of the entire ovary. It acts on the testicular varicocele to promote sperm formation. FSH injections only increase the number of follicles and have no effect on follicle maturation. Follicle-releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus controls the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. During the menstrual cycle, the concentration of FSH in the blood and the amount of FSH excreted daily by urine vary with the cycle. After menopause, the amount of FSH excreted in blood and urine increases. a rapid rise in FSH values may be associated with ovarian failure. Diagnosis of increased follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) due to premature ovarian failure: I. History taking Patients with premature ovarian failure often have abnormal menstruation, so this can be determined by asking the patient about her menstruation, when it occurred, etc. Symptoms and signs Hypogonadism (e.g. night sweats, constipation, hair loss, vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, decreased libido, etc.), hypothyroidism, urinary tract infection, weight gain, high baseline basal body temperature, gynecological examination reveals thin vaginal mucosa, few folds, congestion, and uterine atrophy. Laboratory tests and other examinations 1. Endocrine hormone measurements: FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) levels are significantly higher, E2 (blood estradiol) levels are significantly lower, and blood PRL (prolactin) is normal. 2. Chromosomal examination: to exclude ovarian failure caused by chromosomal abnormalities. 3.Screening for autoimmune diseases: thyroid function measurement, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, blood sedimentation, immunoglobulin measurement, etc. 3, Vaginal exfoliative cell examination: showing low estrogen levels, the presence of bottom cells or predominantly bottom cells. 4.Laparoscopy or ovarian tissue biopsy: in premature ovarian failure, small ovaries with atrophy, inconspicuous follicles, no initiating follicles seen microscopically, interstitial fibrosis of the ovaries, and anti-ovarian antibodies can be found in the ovaries. 5. Ultrasound examination: see whether the uterus is shrinking, whether there are changes in both ovaries, whether they are also shrinking, if no follicles are seen, it is premature ovarian failure; if the ovaries are of normal size and multiple small follicles are seen, it is polycystic ovary syndrome.