Peroneal myoatrophy, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), is the most common group of familial peripheral neuropathies, accounting for approximately 90% of all inherited neuropathies. The common features of this group of diseases are childhood or adolescent onset, chronic progressive peroneal muscle atrophy, relatively symmetrical symptoms and signs, and a family history in most patients. Because the main clinical feature is peroneal muscle atrophy, it is also known as peroneal myoatrophy. The symmetrical atrophy of the peroneal muscle gradually progresses upward is the clinical symptom of the disease. So, how to prevent the progressive development of symmetric atrophy of the peroneal muscle? The following is a brief description: The disease is a group of genetic disorders, and the only effective prevention method is prenatal genetic diagnosis. Genetic diagnosis is used to determine the genotype of the preexisting patient, and fetal genotype is analyzed with fetal chorion, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood to determine prenatal diagnosis and terminate the pregnancy. Genetic diseases do not always manifest at birth. Some show signs and symptoms in childhood, some in adolescence, and some even in adulthood. If diagnosis is made before symptoms appear, some genetic diseases can be controlled. Some polygenic genetic diseases, although placed in the embryo, are formed in adolescence and even youth and adulthood, and environmental factors play an important role in the final formation and occurrence. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the prevention of this genetic disease in the children of such patients. The exact preventive measures to be taken depend on the nature of the disease and the different predisposing factors.