Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) is a blood glucose test carried out at home by people with diabetes to understand the level and fluctuation of blood glucose control. It is an important measure to adjust blood glucose to the target and to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Self-monitoring of blood glucose only works when it is truly part of the diabetes management program. Capillary blood glucose testing using a portable blood glucose meter is the most common method, but if conditions prevent blood glucose testing, urine glucose testing is also helpful. It is especially important to emphasize that glucose testing should be part of a diabetes education and management program, and that medical staff should educate patients about the purpose and meaning of glucose monitoring and counsel them to properly understand the results of glucose monitoring and the appropriate measures to take when advising them to perform self-monitoring. Self-monitoring is suitable for most diabetic patients. However, for some special patients, we should pay more attention to strengthen blood glucose monitoring, such as patients who receive insulin therapy during pregnancy, the standard of blood glucose control is more strict, in order to make the blood glucose reach the standard and at the same time reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia, it is more important for these patients to carry out self-glucose monitoring, and the frequency of monitoring should be increased. And for those patients who are not on insulin therapy using regular structured glucose monitoring, the frequency of monitoring can be relatively less. Self-glucose monitoring time points: (1) Pre-meal glucose monitoring: for patients who inject basal, mealtime or premixed insulin. Pre-meal glucose should also be measured when there is a risk of hypoglycemia with other glucose-lowering treatments (those who are treated with insulin promoters and have good glycemic control). (2) Postprandial blood glucose monitoring: It is applicable to patients who inject mealtime insulin and those who use diet control and exercise control of blood glucose. In patients whose fasting blood glucose and preprandial blood glucose have been well controlled but whose HbA1c still cannot reach the standard, postprandial blood glucose monitoring is used to guide the treatment for postprandial hyperglycemia. (3) Bedtime blood glucose monitoring: It is suitable for patients who inject insulin, especially those who inject insulin before dinner. (4) Nocturnal blood glucose monitoring: It is used to know whether there is nocturnal hypoglycemia, especially when there is unexplained fasting hyperglycemia, nocturnal blood glucose should be monitored. (5) Random blood glucose monitoring: Blood glucose should be monitored promptly when symptoms of hypoglycemia occur or when hypoglycemia is suspected. Blood glucose should be monitored before and after strenuous exercise.