With the popularization of national fitness sports and the progress of population aging, the incidence of cartilage injury due to various reasons is increasing year by year, which seriously affects people’s work and life. After cartilage injury, traditional treatment options, such as arthroscopic chondroplasty, are effective but have a short maintenance time; bone marrow stimulation such as drilling and microfracture, the new tissue formed is mainly fibrocartilage, which has poor mechanical properties and a short maintenance time; autologous bone and cartilage transplantation is only suitable for small trauma due to the limited source of living tissue material; allograft transplantation, although the source of material is relatively Allografts, although relatively more sources of materials, may cause immune rejection and have the risk of disease transmission. Tissue-engineered cartilage therapy (TEC) is a technique for repairing osteoarticular cartilage defects (Outerbridge Class III/IV) by isolating and expanding chondrocytes from autologous non-weight-bearing cartilage tissue, compounding them with a scaffold, and then transplanting them. TEC technology has the following advantages over traditional cartilage repair surgery: 1. It also avoids the risk of postoperative hypertrophy and overgrowth of the periosteum, which would require secondary surgery for shaping or grinding. 2. Avoid cell loss and promote cartilage regeneration Traditional ACI does not fix the injected cells sufficiently, so the cells are prone to leakage, low survival rate or uneven distribution after surgery; while TEC technology uses specially treated collagen scaffold to attach and fix the cartilage cells, which is more solid, thus accelerating the proliferation, transformation and remodeling of cartilage cells. Traditional cartilage repair surgery includes chondroplasty, microfracture surgery, autologous or allogeneic bone cartilage transplantation, and periosteal transplantation with limited efficacy, and the repair tissue is mainly fibrocartilage, which lacks the structural properties and mechanical functions of normal hyaline cartilage; the new cartilage repaired by TEC technology is mainly hyaline cartilage, with a small amount of fibrocartilage occasionally, and the cartilage generated after surgery is more similar to the surrounding cartilage. The new cartilage produced by TEC technique is mainly hyaline cartilage with occasional small amount of fibrocartilage, and the cartilage produced after the surgery has a high resemblance to the surrounding cartilage. This shows that TEC technology, as a paradigm in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, has revolutionary significance and broad application prospects.