Spinal Endoscopy —- Minimally Invasive Techniques for Disc Herniation Dr. Anthony Yeung (President of American Minimally Invasive Sciences) pioneered the trans-intervertebral foraminal YESS technique in 1998; Professor Hoogland (former President of European Minimally Invasive Sciences) proposed the trans-intervertebral foraminal THESSYS technique based on the YESS technique in 2002, bringing the first generation of spinal endoscopic techniques to maturity. In 2005, Professor Ruetten advocated the use of spinal endoscopy for interlaminar approach, which better expanded the use of this technique. Our Orthopaedic West Division has been performing percutaneous endoscopic intervertebral foraminal access targeting techniques since early 2013 and continued with a new trans-laminar approach in 2014, bringing minimally invasive spine techniques to a new treatment frontier. Spinal endoscopy Indications: 1, spinal nerve root pain caused by disc herniation and intervertebral foraminal osteophytes, which is not effective by conservative treatment; 2, central, paracentral, lateral and extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation; 3, some patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis; 4, patients with cervical disc herniation. Contraindications: 1. Patients with disc herniation with severe cardiac and renal insufficiency; 2. Patients with lumbar instability requiring fusion surgery; 3. Patients with excessive osteophytes or severe calcification of the fibular annulus ligament; Advantages: 1. The whole operation is done under supervision, reducing the chance of nerve root injury; 2. Compared with the MED technique, no removal of the vertebral plate, no destruction of the paravertebral muscles and ligaments, less interference with nerves and structures in the spinal canal, preservation of epidural fat, reduced intraoperative bleeding and postoperative scar tissue formation in the spinal canal, and reduced the possibility of postoperative vertebral instability; 4, short operation time, fast postoperative recovery, shortened hospitalization time, and reduced the economic burden of patients.