Interventional treatment of lumbar disc prolapse (LDP) emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. With the advancement of technology, new techniques have emerged and have made impressive achievements in clinical treatment. The common feature of these treatments is that they are less invasive and do not destroy the normal structure of the spine. As long as the indications are properly selected, the treatment effect is good, the patient suffers less and recovers quickly. The cost is small. The principle of treatment can be basically divided into three categories? One is chemical decompression (chemonucleolysis, CN): including papaya rennet (abbreviated as papain), collagen hydrolase (abbreviated as collagenase) and medical ozone (O3-O2 mixture) for intradiscal injections to treat LDP. They have different substrates of action. Papain acts on the non-collagenous proteins of proteoglycan aggregates and has the ability to rapidly reduce the molecular weight and viscosity of water-soluble proteins in the nucleus pulposus, disrupt the polymerization and water absorption of mucins, cause dehydration and contraction of the nucleus pulposus, and reduce the intradiscal pressure. Collagenase specifically hydrolyzes collagen type I and II in the nucleus pulposus and the fibrous ring, degrading the nucleus pulposus to achieve the purpose of decompression; after ozone is injected into the nucleus pulposus, its strong oxidizing effect can directly destroy the proteoglycans and nucleus pulposus cells in the matrix of the nucleus pulposus, and may also destroy the normal structure of proteoglycans by producing ?OH, causing the loss of proteoglycan function and reducing synthesis and secretion, with consequences similar to papain, which is the main reason for ozone treatment. This is the main effect of ozone in the treatment of disc herniation. In addition, ozone stimulates the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aseptic inflammatory response (caused by disc herniation), promotes the release of cytokines to antagonize the inflammatory response, and promotes vasodilation to facilitate the dissipation and absorption of inflammation. The dissipation and absorption of inflammation may in turn reduce neuropathic pain. In addition, Boci[7] speculated that ozone may activate the body’s anti-injury system and stimulate the release of enkephalins from inhibitory interneurons to act as an analgesic; through the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ozone, it may reduce symptoms and promote recovery. The other type is vaporization and decompression of disc tissue: mainly radiofrequency ablation nucleoplasty (NP) and percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD). Radiofrequency ablation nucleoplasty is performed by sending radiofrequency energy (125Vrms) through the plasma tip of the rod in the intervertebral disc to obtain acceleration and break the organic molecular bonds of the nucleus pulposus, thus vaporizing part of the disc nucleus pulposus and creating an efficient and precise vaporization and melting effect. Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide). Then, with the aid of thermal coagulation, the collagen molecule spiral structure is contracted by heating to about 70 ℃, which further reduces the volume of the nucleus pulposus (about 0.94 cm3 in total in 6 foramina of one lumbar spine). 94 cm3), resulting in decompression and subsequent release of dural and nerve root compression for therapeutic purposes. Percutaneous laser vaporization mainly vaporizes the nucleus pulposus, enlarges the relative space of the nucleus pulposus cavity, coagulates and carbonizes the nucleus pulposus, decreases the internal pressure of the lumbar disc, and induces the herniated nucleus pulposus to retract. The third type is the instrumentation removal and decompression, that is, the removal of the nucleus pulposus tissue by special instruments. The main method is percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD), The main method is percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD); some people also classify the second and third categories as physical decompression.