The treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine, especially lumbar spinal stenosis, often involves decompression, immobilization, and fusion of the spine. With advances in surgical techniques, most patients with spinal fusion can achieve immediate spinal stability. This makes early rehabilitation possible. It is generally believed that early and moderate functional training has the following advantages.1: The muscles damaged during surgery play an important role in maintaining spinal stability. Restoring these muscles to function as soon as possible through rehabilitation can reduce the increased stress caused by spinal instability.2: The patient’s postoperative bed rest time will inevitably increase, which may lead to spinal stiffness and limited mobility. Early gentle activity of the low back muscles, abdominal muscles, and hip and pelvic muscles connected to the spine can ensure that the intervertebral joints maintain a certain degree of mobility, laying the foundation for further functional training.3: Early functional training can increase the local blood supply and oxygen supply of the surgical area, and promote wound healing. Due to the different techniques of spinal fusion and surgical approaches used by patients, the specific training methods may vary, and this article is only a general guideline for rehabilitation training after spinal fusion surgery. During the early postoperative bed rest period, the main purpose is to carry out deep breathing exercises to prevent lung infection. For anterior transthoracic surgery, patients should be encouraged to cough, cough up sputum, and take deep breaths to promote the early reopening of the lungs. In order to ensure the fusion of the implant and prevent the displacement of the bone block, we generally recommend patients to stay in bed for at least one week after the operation, and then they can get out of bed and move around under the protection of the support. 1, 1-7 days after surgery— carry out pulling training It is important to carry out pulling training for the excess and quadriceps muscles and the low back muscles in the early postoperative period, which can help to prevent nerve root adhesion and scar formation. Each pull can last 30 seconds and be repeated 3 times, left and right side separately. This can be repeated every 2 hours if the patient tolerates it well. Nerve stretching can be performed in the supine position by straightening the lower limb and slowly lifting it off the bed until tension is felt in the back of the thigh. Hands can be used under the knee to assist in lifting the leg, while paying attention to keep the knee straight and the ankle dorsiflexed. Quadriceps retraction should be performed in supine position, so that the heel is as close to the buttocks as possible. 2, postoperative 1-9 weeks – postoperative static stabilization training The reason why it is called static stabilization training is that the training in this period only includes the limbs, and should try to avoid the rotation or flexion of the lower part of the trunk. (1) Pelvic tilt training, prone position, knee flexion, so that the abdomen is tilted toward the spine. (2) In the same position, the lower extremities are lifted alternately about 3-4 inches to keep the pelvis level. (3) Lift the hips so that the torso rises and maintains a straight line from the shoulders to the hips, also known as the hitchhiker’s exercise. (4) In the prone position, with your hands behind your back, gently lift your head and shoulders 1 inch off the bed, taking care to keep your eyes down at all times. (5) In the prone position, straighten the knees and extend both hips alternately, taking care to keep the pelvis level. (6) Pull the elastic band, make a rowing motion, keep the shoulder joint and thorax fixed, train the strength of the upper trunk. The purpose of training in the first 6 weeks after surgery is mainly to improve the patient’s tolerance ability. 6 weeks later, the amount of training and training programs can be increased appropriately according to the actual situation of the patient. The specific time of dynamic training should be decided according to the stabilization of the patient’s spine and the doctor’s clinical experience. 3, 6-12 weeks after surgery: increase dynamic stability training This stage of training requires the movement of the trunk, so the training ball is needed to assist training. Specific contents are described as follows: (1) supine position, knee flexion, lift the head and one shoulder to the other side of the hip joint, through this action to train the abdominal muscle strength. (2) Four-point kneeling position, one side of the upper limb and the opposite side of the lower limb alternately lifting, after the extension of the back. (3) Keep the upper limbs fixed and tilt the trunk back to pull the resistance band. (4) Separate the feet and shoulder width apart, one end of the resistance band is fixed on the ground, both hands grasp the other end of the resistance band from the lower left to the upper right to pull, the same method of training the other side. The main purpose of using the training ball is to control joint mobility, not to maximize joint mobility, which is especially important for patients who are not familiar with the training ball. The intensity of each training session should be based on the feeling of fatigue or difficulty in maintaining balance. (1) Sit on the training ball and alternately lift one upper limb and the opposite lower limb. (2) Sit on the training ball, use the waist as the fulcrum to move the training ball, pay attention to keep the shoulder joint level. (3) Lie on the ball, support and move the torso forward with both upper limbs until the ball moves under the thighs, alternately lifting the thighs. (4) Kneeling position with the abdomen lying on the training ball, using the upper limbs to move the torso forward, taking care to keep the torso straight. (5) In supine position, place the exercise ball under both calves and lift the hips, buttocks and lower trunk to keep the abdominal muscles tense. 4, 9-12 weeks – start intensive training under light loads Routine aerobic training plays an important role in promoting fusion at this stage. Regular aerobic training increases blood and oxygen supply, maintains body weight, and reduces the load placed on the spine. Training time can be increased from a few minutes a day to 30 minutes a day, whichever is pain-free. Recommended aerobic training programs include walking, swimming, and pedaling. However, running, dancing and sports are not recommended. It is completely wrong to give up training for fear of failing the fusion. Although doctors have different views on the method and intensity of training, studies have shown that good postoperative rehabilitation training is very favorable to improve the fusion rate and surgical results. Specific training programs should be tailored to the different stages of the patient’s postoperative period and the fusion of the implant.