Anemia is associated with many clinical symptoms of chronic renal failure (CKD) and seriously affects the prognosis of patients with renal failure. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the level of treatment for renal anemia in patients with renal failure. the causes of anemia in patients with CKD are mainly related to erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency and iron deficiency, while other causes are relatively less important compared to the first two. The use of ESA has improved the anemia of CKD patients, but with the progression of the disease, the aggravation of CKD patients’ own hematopoietic dysfunction, the emergence of complications, the differences in responsiveness to ESA, and the limitations of medical conditions, Hb fluctuations are widespread, so individualization should be chosen for ESA treatment to maximize patient benefits. There is no difference in treatment cost between the intravenous group of iron application compared to the oral group, but the intravenous group has better efficacy. High-throughput dialysis may improve renal anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients. According to TCM, the disease is identified as a mixture of deficiency and actuality, with positive deficiency as the root cause. TCM treatment is based on the general method of cultivating the kidney and consolidating the source, strengthening the spleen and nourishing the blood.