Cardiovascular disease as early as a few years ago has jumped and reigning as the first cause of death of China’s residents, coronary heart disease patients with a huge population, the harm is significant, often “premature death” of the main culprits. Interventional therapy is currently one of the most important treatment means for coronary heart disease. 1, the onset of coronary heart disease and age-related? Coronary heart disease in the narrow sense refers to the disease caused by the narrowing of blood vessels due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis prototype began to appear as early as in the 20s, with the accumulation of time to the middle-aged and old people began to cause disease, but in recent years may be due to some bad habits, as well as the underlying diseases, including high blood pressure, diabetes, etc. infringe on more patients, coronary heart disease patients are also getting younger and younger. 2, coronary heart disease has a specific high incidence of people? This is called coronary heart disease susceptible population, epidemiology has been relatively clear, including “three high” (high blood pressure, high blood fat, high blood sugar), bad habits (lack of exercise, abdominal obesity, smoking, etc.), as well as genetic factors (early onset of coronary heart disease in the family), etc., will make the incidence of coronary heart disease greatly increased. 3.What are the methods of surgical treatment for coronary heart disease? Coronary heart disease, if it involves surgical treatment, there are generally two kinds of situations: one is the occurrence of an acute event, the term is called “acute coronary syndrome”, this kind of situation is serious, can make the patient quickly dangerous, life-threatening. Secondly, the patient’s coronary artery stenosis has reached a considerable degree, inducing ischemic symptoms, such as typical angina. These two situations force the patient to choose surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of coronary artery disease is divided into internal medicine and surgical means, now carried out more is the intervention of internal medicine, there is a more traditional, longer history of surgical bypass surgery. 4.What is stenting for coronary artery disease? Stenting (percutaneous intervention) is a technique that has been developed and matured over the last 20 years to correct narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries of the heart. Simply put, the process of cardiac stenting involves puncturing a blood vessel, thereby delivering a catheter to the opening of the coronary artery, using a special delivery system to deliver the stent to the site of the narrowing for release, and finally withdrawing the catheter to end the procedure. Of course, not all interventional treatments involve stenting, but only balloon dilatation (including drug balloons), as well as other techniques such as rotational milling, laser ablation, and so on. 5. Stent is a foreign body and will be rejected, so it can’t be installed? This is also a concern for many patients and their families. Early stent is a kind of stainless steel called 316, and now many manufacturers have developed alloy stent as a kind of metal stent substance. A simple analogy can be made to understand that after a fracture to do internal fixation, the need for steel plate, no one seems to question this plate implanted in the body will be rejected, although the probability of this from a medical point of view is not absolutely not. The probability of our body developing an allergy to metals is very, very small. To date, we have not encountered any clinical evidence of a typical allergic reaction to metal after stent implantation in a patient. In addition, when it comes to rejection, the word “rejection” is more often used in organ transplantation, that is, when you implanted other people’s tissues or organs, because of the human body’s histocompatibility will produce rejection, which is implanted in the human body and what we say is that a certain kind of metal or man-made parts are actually two concepts. 6.Do you want to install the new biodegradable stent (BVS)? Biodegradable stents (BVS) are currently a very hot research area in the field of cardiovascular interventions. Since it is a research hotspot, it means that it is not yet mature enough to go to each of our patients. 2011, the U.S. FDA approved the first resorbable stent on the market, but domestic and foreign countries, including our domestic resorbable scaffolds have also been domestic clinical trials, so far we get the European and other regions of the clinical data do not support that biodegradable scaffolds completely replace the more mature drug-coated scaffolds. The characteristics of BVS are: firstly, it is highly selective, not all patients are suitable for implantation; secondly, its procedure is more complicated than the existing stent implantation process. 7. What is the maximum number of stents that can be implanted in the body and what is the “failure” of any more? This is a question we often hear in the clinic. Many patients and family members are obsessed with the numbers. You have 3 stents and I have 2, so I am better than you. Or some people say more than how many will be ineffective. In fact, the stent from the caliber point of view, the smallest have 2.25mm stent, to the largest 4mm stent, short words have 8mm, the longest have 38mm stent. So it comes in different sizes, different dimensions, and also the length of the patient’s lesion, whether it’s diffuse or limited, varies greatly from person to person. From the point of view of receiving interventional therapy, you only need to consider that I choose this treatment, know the pros and cons, and ultimately, through the judgment of the doctor, the segments that need to be implanted with stents are well covered, and the lumen of the blood vessel is restored to the normal diameter, and there is no need to be overly obsessed with one or two stents, and from the point of view of the principle of treatment of all the doctors, it is to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the treatment by using the least number of stents. However, due to the wide variety of patients and types of lesions, physicians do not simply obsess over how many stents must be used to solve the problem. From a prognostic point of view, if you implant a lot of stents, I can only say that the lesion is too diffuse and too long, which is determined by the pathological characteristics, rather than the number of stents to determine your prognosis. 8, installed stent can not be strenuous exercise, otherwise you exercise, it “move”? The purpose of medical treatment is to prolong the patient’s life and improve their quality of life. If you look at this perspective from the coronary heart disease severe stenosis, when your blood vessels are severely narrowed, even if you do not have significant symptoms, the fact that you are in a relatively dangerous state, through our active treatment, so that his lumen is restored to the normal diameter of the pipe, the blood flow smoothly, the distal myocardium to restore the normal blood supply, at this time, from the heart’s function, you have problems with the organ was repaired, and should be more Welcome a better life, more should go to do what you want to do, and should not mentally feel that I am a patient, or that I have implanted a foreign body for me a huge pressure, from now on this also can not do that also can not do, the quality of life has been greatly affected, which is completely contrary to the original intention of our medical treatment. 9. If you have a stent, you have to take medication every day, but if you don’t, you don’t have to? After the stent is installed, we can say that we don’t need to be particularly negative, but should face life more positively. Many patients simply understand that our treatment is an either/or, either taking medication for conservative treatment or surgery for active treatment, either/or, which is a very big misunderstanding and will make our final therapeutic effect greatly reduced. Regardless of the treatment option chosen, medication is fundamental to all treatments. On this basis, if your condition dictates that you must choose surgical treatment, then medication is still fundamental in the pre-operative, post-operative and long-term post-operative follow-up, which is absolutely not contradictory or exclusive. So here also need to call, remind the general public, if there are such friends, relatives, you must repeatedly influence him to persuade him: drug treatment for coronary heart disease treatment is fundamental, is the cornerstone. In addition, coronary heart disease, like hypertension, diabetes is the current science and technology, medical means can not cure the disease, is a lifelong disease, so its treatment is also lifelong. 10.What do I need to pay attention to in terms of diet after having a stent installed? This question can be interpreted as whether the dietary structure of patients who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease needs to be paid attention to. The stent is only a treatment tool, it will not have a huge impact on your life and make you go on a different life path. But if the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is confirmed especially patients with comorbid underlying diseases such as hypertension need a low-salt diet, diabetes needs to limit carbohydrate intake, and patients with hyperlipidemia need a low-fat diet. So we need to plan our lifestyles and restrict our diets reasonably, but we should not choke on a disease that makes our lives a single pill, turning us into pill-poppers and making our lives uninteresting. It is enough to follow the diet of one’s underlying disease, and there is no need to pay extra attention to anything because of the stent. 11.Can’t I do MRI with a stent? All stents on the market today are resistant to MRI testing, and even in extreme cases, it is safe to have an MRI on the same day as the stent is installed. The reason for this concern is based on two issues. Many people believe that the stent is metal and that the MRI will suck the stent out and displace it. The second issue is that the metal will generate heat under a strong magnetic field and will burn the patient. However, as we have already explained, the stent is supported on the surface of the inner wall of the blood vessel and is very firmly integrated with the inner wall of the blood vessel, so the magnetic field of magnetic resonance will not cause any displacement of the stent, which is weakly magnetic or non-magnetic, and this concern is not necessary at all. In response to the second question, some people have specifically tested that a long enough stent, for example, a 30 mm stent placed under magnetic resonance can at most increase its local temperature by less than 1 ℃, I think 1 ℃ is not enough to scald a person, and on the other hand, do not forget that this 1 ℃ temperature is in the pipeline where the blood flow is fast, and the heat will be taken away at any time. So based on these details of the examination, we know that implantation of stents, MRI testing is safe for you for life, and pacemakers are completely different. 12.Can I fly on an airplane with a stent in place, will there be an electromagnetic reaction? If the magnetic resonance such an artificially loaded high-intensity magnetic field on the stent will not occur problems, not to mention the airplane ride. However, some patients may have such a memory, when we go to some big airports, they will mark out, if the implanted pacemaker patients to take this channel, otherwise you every time through the security gate it will call, security personnel but can not be found out, because you implanted in the body of a large piece of metal, is a pacemaker. That’s why some foreign airports even ask patients to show their pacemaker’s insurance card, which represents the pacemaker’s identification, to prove that you’re not carrying dangerous goods, but that you have a pacemaker implanted. However, stent is a very low metal content device, not to mention the implantation of one or two stents, or even more than one, you go in and out of the security gate will not have an alarm sound, this can be assured. 13.Does the stent have a lifespan, and how many years is the general warranty period? This is a question extended from the pacemaker, because pacemakers have a warranty card, the national mandatory regulations are now 5-6 years, because the pacemaker battery is a power limit. But the stent is a metal mesh, so there is no problem of battery power, and there is no problem of other electromagnetic reaction changes in the body after implantation. In a sense the stent can work indefinitely in the body because it is a metal; but on the other hand, from the point of view of the progression of coronary heart disease, it has a finite lifespan. How to understand it, the stent implanted, because it is a skeletonized network, this stage may be able to protect you eight to ten years does not occur again lesion progression or called restenosis, but this blood vessel is so long, other parts of the atherosclerosis occurs, resulting in a reduction in the area of the lumen of the blood vessel? It’s not really related to this stent, it’s related to the patient’s underlying disease. If stenosis occurs again in this stented segment, we can remedy the situation again by dilating it, cutting it, or even implanting another stent. Therefore, the question of stent longevity is closely related to the rate of progression of the patient’s coronary artery disease, which varies from person to person and cannot be generalized. 14. What are the advantages of stent implantation over surgical heart surgery? Stenting has a long history and is more classic, but with the rise of medical interventions, the number of patients undergoing stenting may be affected. If you make a simple choice and tell the patient that the risks of your surgery, the healing of the surgery may be similar, one is minimally invasive doing a very small puncture to fix everything, and the other way to do it is to open up the chest, even if it’s a small incision, an incision of about ten centimeters. The difference in the size of these two incisions will induce the patient, many patients may choose to do minimally invasive intervention, to do small injuries in the treatment program, from the efficacy of our interventional devices or, the doctor’s technology or, including our corresponding matching drugs are more and more advanced, our existing drug stent, its long-term patency rate can be comparable to the arterial bypass grafting, so from this aspect of the efficacy of the already do not produce a Disadvantage. Small trauma, fast recovery, convenient application, and even in many domestic hospitals that are not very high level can be carried out, these characteristics determine that patients will tend to choose this program. 15. Is interventional therapy applicable to all patients with coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease according to the patient’s condition, divided into stable and unstable, for all unstable coronary artery disease we collectively referred to as acute coronary syndrome, this kind of patients should actively seek coronary angiography and then decide whether to implant stents. However, for the other type of very stable coronary artery disease patients, there are clear studies at home and abroad to prove that from the perspective of long-term prognosis and life expectancy, there is not much difference between implanting a stent and taking oral medication for conservative treatment. So this is a time when it can be tailored to the patient’s situation. If this patient’s symptoms are exertional angina, which is very significant, then with good communication between the patient and the doctor can be the patient’s choice of conservative or interventional treatment with drugs, and cannot be generalized. It needs to be emphasized repeatedly that for unstable coronary artery disease, especially for patients who have been clearly diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, it is necessary to carry out extensive publicity, so that our patients, including their families, can have a correct attitude towards interventional therapy, and when you are in such a dangerous situation, you must try to trust the doctor, and give your treatment to a professional doctor, who will help you to complete the task, because in an acute infarction, the patient can choose between conservative medicine and interventional therapy, because the patient’s symptoms are very significant. In front of such a special and highly lethal disease, we repeatedly emphasize: “Time is myocardium, time is life”.