Thoracic spinal nerve sheath tumors usually require surgical removal for treatment. Thoracic spinal nerve sheath tumor is a kind of benign tumor of peripheral nerves, which is mostly benign, and the chances of malignant transformation of nerve sheath tumor are generally considered to be very low. Mostly occurring in the thoracic vertebral nerve root or its proximal end, with envelope, tough, compression may cause damage to the vertebral body, generally need to perform surgical resection treatment. Because thoracic spinal nerve sheath tumors are closely connected to the nerves, the tumor needs to be peeled out layer by layer during surgery without damaging the nerves. If nerve damage occurs, it will easily cause sensory-motor abnormalities and may affect the patient’s daily life. Thoracic spinal nerve sheath tumor should go to the regular hospital in time, and the doctor will judge the specific condition according to the symptoms, signs and auxiliary examination, and give the correct treatment for the condition.