A pediatric “hernia”, medically known as an inguinal hernia, can appear shortly after birth and is almost always congenital. It is a reversible mass in the inguinal region or scrotum that appears after crying, coughing and running, and disappears after quietness and sleep. Some children may experience discomfort when they appear. When the mass cannot be retracted and becomes painful, it indicates an impaction and requires emergency treatment at the hospital. In early embryonic life, the peritoneum has a pouch-shaped protrusion in the inguinal ring called the peritoneal sphincter, which is gradually occluded and atrophied into a fibrous cord around birth. Occlusion of the peritoneal sphincter sometimes occurs haltingly, late or incompletely, allowing the sphincter canal to remain open or partially open, creating the opportunity for a possible hernia to occur. Increased intra-abdominal pressure is a precipitating factor for hernias, such as violent crying, prolonged paroxysms of coughing, constipation and difficulty in urination in children, which can cause increased intra-abdominal pressure and lead to the development of a hernia. Hernia can also occur in girls. The sheath of the female fetus is called Muller’s canal, and intra-abdominal organs can also enter the unclosed Muller’s canal to form an inguinal hernia. The most common abdominal organ that enters the hernia sac is the small intestine, and in girls, the uterus and adnexa may be present in the hernia sac. The most common complication of a pediatric “hernia” is the entry of intra-abdominal organs into the hernia sac that do not reset themselves and become entrapped. If not treated properly, strangulated intestinal obstruction can occur with serious consequences. Treatment of pediatric “hernias” is usually surgical after the first 6 months of life. Surgical methods include the traditional incision and ligation of the hernia sac and the laparoscopic ligation of the internal ring. Laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia can effectively avoid the trauma and some complications of the traditional surgical route because the inguinal canal does not need to be dissected and the spermatic cord tissue is not stripped. In addition, a contralateral occult hernia can be detected and treated directly at the same time, avoiding the appearance of a postoperative hernia on the contralateral side. Single-port laparoscopic repair of pediatric inguinal hernia allows for a postoperative result without visible scarring.