Low back pain (lumbodynia; lumbago; low back pain) is a common clinical symptom, mainly pain on one or both sides of the lower back, often radiating to the legs, and often accompanied by symptoms of external sensation or internal injury. There are many causes of low back pain. In addition to diseases of the locomotor system and trauma, diseases of other organs can also cause low back pain. For example, inflammation or stones in the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, certain women’s diseases (pelvic inflammatory disease, posterior tilt of the uterus, etc.), pregnancy, lumbar radiculitis and certain abdominal diseases can all cause low back pain. Treatment for low back pain can be surgical or non-surgical. Non-surgical methods can be treated by drugs and local closure; surgical treatment should strictly grasp the indications. Surgical treatment: 1, lumbar disc protrusion Because of the mechanical compression of the nerve by the protruding disc, the patient has low back pain, lumbar leg pain or claudication, etc. 2, lumbar discogenic pain That is, the disc is mainly degenerated and aged, the protrusion is not obvious, and the degenerated and aged disc secretes some inflammatory media, which stimulates the sinus vertebral nerve or spinal nerve root around the lumbar disc, leading to neuroinflammatory reaction, resulting in low back pain or low back pain, with recurrent symptoms and ineffective conservative treatment. At this time, structural damage such as tearing of the intervertebral disc’s fibrous ring may have occurred. 3, lumbar intervertebral foramen stenosis In middle-aged and elderly patients with low back and leg pain, narrowing of the intervertebral foramen of the spinal nerve root pathway occurs due to arthrosis, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, sclerotic protrusion of the intervertebral disc, and high collapse of the intervertebral disc, resulting in mechanical jamming of the nerve root or inflammatory damage to the nerve root by secreting inflammatory mediators, leading to recurrent episodes of low back pain or low back pain that do not heal for a long time. The detailed explanation is as follows: (1) Those who have severe symptoms of lumbar disc herniation and have been ineffective by strict conservative treatment or have caused acute neurological dysfunction, including herniated, ruptured or free discs of paracentral and lateral types, and the best indication is single-segment lateral type herniation. (2) Despite the effectiveness of conservative treatment, the symptoms recur quickly and recurrently more than twice, the symptoms are severe during the attack, affecting work and life, and the medical history is more than six months; or although the symptoms and signs are not very serious, but the medical history is long, the diagnosis is clear, and the patient has a request for surgical treatment. (3) Regardless of the length of the medical history, once the nerve root paralysis damage, such as the dorsal extensor muscle strength of the bunion 4 grade or less. (4) Those with central disc herniation combined with cauda equina damage, such as urinary and fecal dysfunction, and CT showing no significant calcification of the disc or posterior longitudinal ligament. (5) Although the history, symptoms, and signs of disc herniation are not typical, imaging examinations such as CT, MRI, and discography reveal a huge disc herniation. (6) Disc herniation with combined lateral saphenous fossa or intervertebral foraminal stenosis. (7) Disc herniation with calcification of the herniated material. (8) Positive signs of nerve root compression, such as straight leg raise test (+), bunion extension and flexion test (+), and diminished knee or Achilles tendon reflex. (9) Imaging examination is consistent with clinical symptoms and signs. (10) Those who have been ineffective with systematic conservative treatment for 6 to 8 weeks. (11) Those who are willing to undergo intervertebral foraminal surgery and assume the risk of puncture failure requiring conversion to open surgery.