Hiccups can be seen in physiologic factors, but also in diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiatal hernia, dyspepsia, and central system disorders. According to the different causes, the treatment is different. 1. Physiological causes: The patient inhales cold air or eats too fast, which causes involuntary spasm of the diaphragm, thus causing hiccups. This can be relieved by distraction and deep abdominal breathing. 2. Pathologic causes: (1) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): for hiccups caused by GERD, acid-suppressing drugs, such as esomeprazole and omeprazole, can be used. (2) Hiatal hernia: For hiccups caused by hiatal hernia, patients need to change their dietary habits, reduce overeating or consume food that promotes gastric acid secretion. In addition, gastroesophageal hiatus repair can be used as surgical treatment for severe symptoms. (3) Indigestion: Use digestive drugs to reduce the symptoms of hiccups due to flatulence, for example, using drugs such as simethicone. (4) Central system diseases: If you suffer from encephalitis, intracranial tumors and other central nervous system diseases, or the presence of cerebrovascular disease, resulting in damage to the brain tissue, blood circulation is impeded, which can make the diaphragm spasms, and hiccups will occur uncontrollably. (5) Mental stimulation: If you are mentally stimulated, anxious, nervous, emotionally disturbed, etc., hiccups will also occur, and you should pay attention to emotional management. Occasional hiccups in normal people are normal physiological phenomenon, but if hiccups are frequent or cannot be stopped, you need to go to the hospital immediately for treatment.