Cranial defects occur mostly as a result of open cranial injury or firearm penetrating injury. For this condition, intolerant patients have residual bone defects due to surgical decompression or removal of diseased cranium. After the cranial defect, the local protection of brain tissue will be lost, and the patient will be inconvenienced to participate in social activities and work as a result, which is also a potential hazard. After suffering from a cranial defect, surgical treatment should be carefully considered, especially the purpose of the patient’s request to repair the cranial defect and what problems he/she wishes to solve. This is because the effectiveness of cranioplasty alone in treating manifestations such as functional symptomatic neurological disorders and traumatic epilepsy after traumatic brain injury is unpredictable. What are the indications for surgery for cranial defects? Surgical indications for cranial defects: Regarding the surgical indications for cranial defects, the currently accepted surgical indications are as follows: 1. Patients with cranial defects larger than 3 cm in diameter. 2. The defect is aesthetically displeasing. 3.Patients with long-term dizziness, headache and other symptoms that are difficult to relieve. 4.Patients whose serious mental burden affects their work and life. For patients with incomplete initial debridement, local infection, intracranial lesions and increased intracranial pressure, cranioplasty should not be performed for the time being. In addition, some patients with poor general condition, serious neurological defect and unable to take care of themselves, or those with thin scalp and large scar in the defect area should not be repaired hastily, and can be temporarily protected with a local helmet, and then consider the surgery after the conditions are mature. The occurrence of cranial defect has brought serious harm to the health of patients, for this problem, timely understanding of its related surgical indications after the onset of the disease will be of great help to patients.