There is a relationship between hypertension and kidney disease, with the kidney being one of the main organs involved. Hypertension can lead to benign and malignant nephrosclerosis. Benign nephrosclerosis mainly occurs in the glomerular arteries, but also involves interlobular arteries, such as the absence of diabetes mellitus is less likely to involve the glomerular arteries, lesions of the vascular lumen narrowing or even occlusion, resulting in renal parenchyma ischemia, glomerulofibrosis, tubular atrophy, mesangial fibrosis, and gradual thinning of the renal cortex. Malignant nephrosclerosis into the middle layer of the glomerular arterioles occurs fibrinoid necrosis, can be directly extended to the glomerular capillary plexus, so that glomerulosclerosis. Interlobular and arcuate arterial endothelial cell hyperplasia, collagen and fibroblasts are arranged in concentric circles like “onion skin”. The disease progresses rapidly and renal failure occurs in the short term. Hypertension requires regular medication, and patients are advised to visit a hospital and take medication under the guidance of a medical professional.