The cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unclear and may result from abnormalities in the immune system following bacterial and viral infections. Guillain-Barre syndrome is an inflammatory demyelinating lesion of peripheral nerves with an unclear pathogenesis. Most patients are infected with Campylobacter jejuni, EBV, and cytomegalovirus before the onset of the disease. Certain components of the pathogen are structurally identical to certain components of the peripheral nerve, and the body’s immune system makes recognition errors, and autoimmune cells and autoantibodies mount an immune attack on normal peripheral nerve components, resulting in demyelination of the peripheral nerve. Symptoms such as colds and diarrhea are often present two weeks before the onset of the disease. The onset of the disease is often characterized by muscle weakness, progressing gradually from the ends of the limbs to the proximal ends, and in severe cases, respiratory muscle involvement and dyspnea. In daily life, attention should be paid to dietary hygiene and warmth to reduce gastrointestinal infections and respiratory infections. When weakness of the limbs occurs after infection, it is necessary to go to the hospital in time for early diagnosis and treatment.