Congenital heart disease is a congenital malformation caused by abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during the embryonic period, and it is the most common heart disease in children, with an incidence of 6‰-10‰ in live-born newborns. The incidence of congenital heart disease is related to genetic, maternal and environmental factors. 1. Genetic factors: genetic factors not only have single gene genetic defects, but also can be manifested as chromosomal aberrations, such as Down’s syndrome (Down syndrome), 18-trisomy syndrome (Edward syndrome). However, most congenital heart diseases are polygenic genetic defects. 2. Maternal factors: mainly maternal infections, exposure to harmful substances and diseases, especially viral infections in early pregnancy, such as rubella, influenza and coxsackie virus infection, or maternal metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, phenylketonuria, etc.; others, such as maternal exposure to radiation, taking anticancer drugs, lack of folic acid, intrauterine hypoxia, etc., may be associated with the onset of the disease. 3. Environmental factors: the cause of most congenital heart disease patients is not clear, it is currently believed that more than 85% may be the result of the interaction between fetal genetic factors and the surrounding environmental factors. Therefore, strengthening the health care of pregnant women, especially in the early stages of pregnancy to actively prevent rubella, influenza and other viral diseases, as well as to avoid contact with factors related to the onset of the disease, to maintain a healthy lifestyle and so on have a positive significance in the prevention of congenital heart disease. Timely obstetrical examination should be conducted during pregnancy, and the growth and development of the fetus should be closely observed, so as to reduce the chances of adverse pregnancies.