Television thoracoscopic surgery is a new minimally invasive thoracic surgery technique using modern television camera technology and high-tech surgical instruments and equipment to complete complex surgery in the chest under a tiny incision in the chest wall, which has changed the concept of treatment of some thoracic diseases and is considered the most significant progress in thoracic surgery at the end of the 20th century and the direction of thoracic surgery development. The advantages of a thoracoscopic surgery: small trauma, light postoperative pain, fast recovery and short hospital stay are the biggest advantages of TV thoracoscopic surgery. Only three small incisions of 1.5 cm are needed to complete the surgery, which is much smaller than the traditional large incisions of 25 cm or more and even the removal of ribs. Secondly, the small incision has little impact on the appearance, which is especially favored by female patients. (a) Diagnosis of diseases (1) Pleural lesions Directly obtain tissue specimens to ensure accurate pathological diagnosis, such as pleural mesothelioma, pleural tuberculosis, pleural effusion, etc. 2.Pulmonary diseases Direct excision of nodular lesions on the lung surface to obtain diagnosis. 3.Mediastinal lesions Biopsy diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, mediastinal tumor, lymphatic tuberculosis, nodular disease and other diseases. 4.Pericardial diseases Excision of pericardial tissue and drainage of pericardial fluid under direct vision. (B) Treatment of diseases 1.Pleural diseases Malignant pleural effusion pleural fixation, acute abscess chest, pleural tumor. 2.Pulmonary diseases Spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary maculopathy, metastatic lung tumor, benign lung lesions, lung cancer. 3.Mediastinal diseases thymoma, thymic cyst, myasthenia gravis, neurogenic tumor, other benign mediastinal lesions. 4.Esophageal diseases Esophageal smooth muscle tumor, cardia insipidus, esophageal diverticulum and hiatal hernia, esophageal cancer. 5.Other intrathoracic diseases Sympathectomy for head sweating and hand sweating, thoracic duct ligation, hemothorax, intrathoracic foreign body, diaphragm rupture repair, diaphragmatic hernia repair, paravertebral abscess incision and drainage, etc. At present, the most applied are spontaneous pneumothorax pneumonectomy, partial lung resection, and removal of pleural effusion. For some of the chest diseases with unknown diagnosis can achieve the effect of simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Due to the small trauma, some patients with poor lung function who cannot tolerate conventional open-heart surgery can also get the opportunity of surgical diagnosis and treatment, thus further expanding the indications for thoracic surgery. In addition, patients with benign diseases who previously refused surgery due to fear of opening the chest are now gradually receiving thoracoscopic surgical treatment, giving some patients with “minor illnesses and disasters” an unexpected surprise, such as hand sweating, a condition in which the palms of the hands or armpits sweat particularly much, which has no great impact on physical health but causes great inconvenience to working life. The only way to cure this condition is to surgically cut off the sympathetic nerve in the chest. Traditional open-heart surgery is very traumatic, and it is almost unrealistic to pay such a large price to reduce hand sweating, but thoracoscopic technology makes this surgery simple and feasible. Television thoracoscopic surgery has become an important alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of chest diseases.