With the development and popularity of extra-thoracic minimally invasive techniques, 3-4 hole thoracoscopic video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has replaced traditional open-chest methods for most lung and mediastinal surgeries, such as lobectomy, lymph node dissection, and enlarged thymectomy, and has proven the safety and reliable long-term prognosis of VATS. However, due to the multiple operating holes trocar jamming and damage to multiple intercostal nerves, some patients still suffer from severe postoperative pain and numbness or even long-term chronic pain. In 2002, a single-port thoracoscopic technique emerged, but only a few simple procedures of wedge resection biopsy of the lung were performed. In June 2010, Spanish surgeon DiagoGangzalesRivas was the first to report the UniportalVATS, a more minimally invasive lobectomy procedure. It quickly spread to the thoracic surgery departments of several medical centers around the world, which gradually began to experiment with this procedure. The safety and thoroughness of lymph node dissection have been demonstrated through experience and case statistics over the past 5 years. However, due to the high requirements for operating skills and lumpectomy exposure conditions, only a few large medical institutions in China are mature enough to perform this procedure. Single-port thoracoscopy is performed only through a 3-5 cm incision, and relies on a high-definition videomicroscope system, which must follow the oncologic principles: freeing the segmental pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries and bronchi, and modular systemic clearance of mediastinal lymph nodes. The traditional VATS view is replaced with a view more similar to that of an open-heart surgery, losing the opportunity for the paracentesis to assist in the visualization and separation and the placement of linear cut closures. This poses a higher demand and challenge to the operator’s minimally invasive skills and handedness as well as patience and meticulousness! Single-port thoracoscopy is the least surgical trauma achievable with current technology among conventional thoracic surgical procedures. For this reason, it is essential to guarantee a good field of view for the most minimally invasive incisions in the chest wall, and to use elongated, bipartite instruments that can be accessed by 3 to 4 instruments at the same time without “fighting”. At present, patients who meet the ideal screening criteria for Uniportal VATS lobectomy (early stage, peripheral nodules, no obvious adhesions in the thoracic cavity, no calcified adhesions in the hilum and clear anatomy); single-port thoracoscopy has been able to safely perform almost all major procedures such as thoracic surgery for lung cancer, mediastinal tumor resection and enlarged thymectomy with satisfactory perioperative results. With the accumulation of cases, our use of this technique will become more mature and perfect, and we will contribute more to the reduction of surgical trauma, postoperative pain, and rapid recovery for more patients who are evaluated to meet the indications of single-port minimally invasive technique.