Patient: Description of the condition (onset time, main symptoms, hospital visited, etc.): Time: 1997. Main symptoms: lung infection, bronchial dilatation and hemoptysis Anti-infection treatment has improved the condition now breathing is a bit difficult How to treat bronchial dilatation for more than 10 years with chest tightness and shortness of breath better? Is it better to have surgery or to take medicine? Li Xiaohua, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital: Bronchiectasis is an infectious disease of the lung, manifested by repeated coughing, coughing up sputum and sometimes coughing up blood; the causes are divided into congenital and acquired factors. Treatment is divided into conservative medical treatment and surgical treatment. In the early stage of the disease, the lesions are small in scope and the infection is mild, so conservative medical treatment is generally recommended. Current medical treatment for the disease does not change the state of the already dilated bronchi, but only controls the current infection and coughing up blood. As the disease recurs, the bronchial dilatation increases, the local sputum removal ability is gradually lost, and the parasitic bacteria turn into drug-resistant strains, the effectiveness of medical treatment gradually decreases, so surgery is recommended to remove the diseased lung to control the progress of the disease. In your case, you may be considered to have a drug-resistant bacterial infection, but the extent of the lesions must be carefully verified. Surgery is generally not recommended for lesions in both lungs that exceed 50% of the total lung volume, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy lavage can be considered along with medication based on drug sensitivity results.