The incidence of smog disease has been increasing over the past few years. It was once thought that smog disease was an extremely rare disease, and clinical cases were indeed very rare. However, in recent years, with the continuous improvement of medical technology and the popularization of medical imaging technology, the incidence and examination rate of smog disease have gradually increased. Smog disease is a cerebrovascular disease, which was first discovered by a Japanese in the 1960s. The harm of smog disease is very great, the narrowing or occlusion of the main cerebral arteries will inevitably bring about insufficient blood supply to the brain tissues, and even cerebral infarction; this blood supply obstacle will then trigger the vascular network at the base of the skull to undergo compensatory abnormal proliferation, exuding a lot of fragile and tiny capillary network, presenting a mass of smoky pattern under the cerebral angiography, so this disease is called smog disease, and the compensatory small capillaries at the base of the skull become smoky blood vessels. The small compensatory capillaries at the base of the skull become smoky blood vessels. The walls of these smoky blood vessels are very thin and fragile and can easily rupture and cause cerebral hemorrhage. Smoke disease if triggered to carry out cerebral infarction, or cerebral hemorrhage, it will be very dangerous, and may even endanger the patient’s life. Therefore, once smog disease is detected, it should be treated with surgery in a timely manner. So when is the best time to have surgery for smog disease? If there is no cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, surgery should be done as soon as possible after discovery; if there is cerebral infarction, then it is necessary to treat cerebral infarction symptomatically first, and then do the surgery for smog disease after about two weeks; and if there is cerebral hemorrhage, then it is necessary to treat cerebral hemorrhage, and then do the surgery for smog disease after three months. Currently, combined vascular bypass surgery is an advanced surgical procedure for the treatment of smoky disease, which achieves the ideal therapeutic effect through the simultaneous use of direct bypass and patching.