Old Zhou, who was in his 60s, had bladder cancer several years ago and had to have his entire bladder removed after surgery because his condition recurred frequently. Specialists at the hospital’s urology department used a section of Lao Zhou’s ileum to recreate a “bladder” in the original bladder position, restoring his urinary function. Doctors said that the ileal in situ neobladder reconstruction surgery that Lao Zhou underwent is a new type of urinary diversion that has emerged in recent years and is now gradually being used as the preferred procedure in the industry for urinary diversion after total bladder removal. The main advantage of this procedure is that it does not require an abdominal wall stoma, which frees the patient from the pain of carrying a urinary collection bag for a long period of time and allows a certain degree of self-control of urination, improving the patient’s quality of life. This new bladder is close to a normal bladder in form and function, although it does not have the sensation of a normal bladder, i.e., there is no sensation of wanting to urinate when filled with urine, only a sensation of distension. Patients have to exert force through the muscle groups in the abdomen to expel urine by increasing abdominal pressure when urinating. Therefore, training is required after surgery to establish a new urinary reflex. Most patients achieve good urinary control and voiding function within a few months after surgery. Tip: Urethral diversion-type surgery is difficult and technically demanding, and can be one of the most complex procedures in urology, and the surgeon’s experience and skill will also directly affect the outcome of the procedure.