I. Preoperative children.
1. The majority of children with congenital heart disease can have standard vaccination according to the plan.
Planned immunization program: Immunization program refers to the types of vaccines that need to be given and the order and requirements of vaccination, mainly including basic immunization for children and the procedures for adults or special occupational groups and special areas that need vaccination.
(1) Within 24 hours of birth, BCG vaccine and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine are administered.
(2) At the age of 1 month, the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine will be given.
(3) At the age of 2 months, the first polio vaccination will be administered.
(4) At 3 months of age, receive the second polio vaccine and the first polio vaccine.
(5) At 4 months of age, the third polio vaccination and the second diphtheria vaccination were given.
(6) At 5 months of age, the third polio vaccination was administered.
(7) At 6 months of age, the third dose of hepatitis B vaccine was administered.
(7) At 8 months of age, receive measles vaccination.
(8) At 1.5 to 2 years of age, receive a booster dose of diphtheria.
(10) At 4 years of age, repeat polio vaccination.
(11) 7 years old, repeat BCG, measles vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, and booster vaccination with diphtheria vaccine.
2. Children with immunodeficiency (such as DiGeorge syndrome or similar diseases) and those with precocious heart disease who are receiving immunosuppressive treatment cannot receive attenuated vaccines, such as polio pills, measles vaccine, BCG vaccine.
3. Children with precardiac disease are weak, especially in winter when they are prone to catch a cold; therefore, influenza vaccination can be recommended for children over 6 months of age.
Second, post-operative children.
1.For children with precocious heart disease treated by surgery, vaccination is recommended to start 3 months after surgery.
2. If fever and accelerated respiratory and heart rate occur after vaccination, the condition should be closely observed and appropriate consultation and treatment should be conducted at the hospital if necessary.
III. Vaccination reaction
Biological products are foreign substances to the human body and can cause beneficial immune reactions after vaccination, but can also produce adverse reactions or metamorphic reactions that are harmful to the organism.
There are mainly the following side reactions.
(1) General reactions: Inflammatory reactions such as redness, swelling, heat, pain, etc. appear in the inoculated area within 24 hours of vaccination, and sometimes accompanied by systemic reactions such as fever, dizziness, nausea and diarrhea. These reactions are generally normal immune reactions and do not require any treatment and can disappear within 1~2 days.
(2) Abnormal reactions A few people develop complications after vaccination, such as syncope, anaphylactic shock, allergic encephalomyelitis, allergic dermatitis, angioedema and so on. Although the incidence of these reactions is low, their consequences are serious and can be life-threatening if not rescued in time.
(3) Coincidental diseases are not related to vaccination, but are mistakenly thought to be caused by vaccination because of the coincidence in time.
IV. Contraindications to vaccination
WHO stipulates that the following conditions are contraindicated for routine immunization.
(1) Immunodeficiency, malignant diseases (tumor, leukemia) and those whose immune function is suppressed by the application of radiotherapy or antimetabolites cannot use live vaccines;
(2) Vaccination should be postponed if the vaccinated person is suffering from fever or acute disease with obvious general discomfort;
(3) Those who have had serious adverse reactions to previous vaccinations should not continue vaccination;
(4) Children with neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and infantile spasms, should not be vaccinated with vaccines containing pertussis antigens.