Children can’t hold it in when they have the urge to urinate belongs to urinary incontinence, children’s urinary incontinence involves a series of physiological and pathological changes and functional causes, urinary incontinence that occurs in children under 5 years old is generally physiological incontinence. 1. Physiological incontinence: incontinence as a symptom is considered normal before the age of five. There is a wide range of normal urinary control development, and some children can develop physiologic incontinence after the age of 5 years. 2. Pathologic incontinence (1) Anatomical incontinence: including ectopic ureteral opening, bladder exstrophy, urethral malformation. (2) Urinary incontinence caused by renal diseases: including renal diseases causing polyuria (renal tubular lesions, chronic renal failure, uremia). (3) Urinary incontinence due to neurogenic disorders: including congenital disorders (neural tube defects, sacral hypoplasia, caudal telangiectasia, etc.) or acquired tumors of the central nervous system, trauma or inflammation and extensive pelvic floor surgery. 3. Functional incontinence: refers to incontinence in children without obvious neuropathy and anatomical defects: including simple nocturnal incontinence, non-simple nocturnal incontinence, nocturnal incontinence accompanied by other lower urinary tract symptoms and the presence of bladder dysfunction in simple daytime incontinence. Pathologic incontinence can seriously affect the psychological health and quality of life of the affected children and their parents. Some children with incontinence due to bladder dysfunction can also be induced by upper urinary tract damage and long-term renal insufficiency, or even renal failure. A thorough and accurate assessment of the etiology of urinary incontinence in children and appropriate treatment at the right time can help improve the prognosis of these children.