ERCP is a minimally invasive surgery, representing the development trend of modern minimally invasive surgery concept, and has become the preferred treatment method for many bile duct and pancreatic diseases. Its advantages and disadvantages are as follows: 1. Advantages: It has obvious advantages especially in the treatment of bile duct stones, including entering the bile duct through natural channels, i.e., from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, and entering through the opening of the bile duct, patients do not need to have an incision to avoid wound infection and postoperative pain, quick recovery, less complications, shorter hospitalization time and reduced hospitalization costs. ERCP is the gold standard for the diagnosis of biliary system diseases and pancreatic system diseases. ERCP has a high diagnosis rate and can clearly obtain images of the bile duct bundle, clarify the distribution of common bile duct stones, the location, nature and extent of bile duct strictures, and the presence of bile duct malformations, and can more effectively detect cancer of the jugular abdomen at an early stage. Patients are usually painless, the operation time is short, and the systemic physiological changes caused by anesthesia and surgical trauma are reduced, which is more suitable for elderly patients or patients who are weak and cannot tolerate surgical procedures. 2. Disadvantages: ERCP surgery is difficult to operate and patients have large individual anatomical differences, and postoperative complications may occur, including necrotizing pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation and infection.