The superficial peroneal nerve mainly innervates the lateral and dorsal cutaneous sensation of the calf and the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles.
The superficial peroneal nerve is one of the terminal branches issued by the common peroneal nerve, because it travels between the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis, it can branch out to innervate the above two muscles, and then it travels down to the junction of the middle and the lower third of the calf and penetrates deeply through the fascia to the subcutaneous, and distributes in the skin on the lateral side of the calf, dorsal side of the foot and dorsal side of the 2nd~5th toes.
With superficial peroneal nerve injury, there is paralysis of the peroneal long and short muscles, resulting in the foot not being able to turn out, and when the ankle joint is dorsiflexed, the foot is in an inverted position. Sensory abnormalities occur, mainly manifested as numbness and pain on the lateral side of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot, and there will be obvious sensory loss when touching. Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment often leads to radiating pain in the ankle and dorsum of the foot.