Causes 1. Chronic strain Chronic poor posture, weight bearing, and excessive weight, resulting in soft tissue damage to the knee joint. 2, obesity The increase in weight and the onset of osteoarthritis of the knee is directly proportional. Obesity is also a factor that aggravates the disease. Obese people’s weight loss can reduce the onset of osteoarthritis of the knee. 3, bone density When the subchondral bone trabeculae become thin and stiff, their tolerance to pressure is reduced, so the chances of osteoarthritis in osteoporotic patients will increase. 4, trauma and force bearing Frequent knee injuries, such as fractures, cartilage, ligament damage. Abnormal state of the joint, such as when the link is in an unstable state after patellar resection, when the joint is subjected to muscle force imbalance and coupled with local pressure, degenerative degeneration of the cartilage can occur. Normal joints and activities or even after strenuous exercise is not osteoarthritis. 5, genetic factors The involvement of joints varies from race to race, such as hip, carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis in Caucasians, but people of color and the country is rare, gender also has an impact, the disease is more common in women. Data show that the incidence of osteoarthritis in mothers and sisters of women with Heberden’s nodes is two to three times higher than in family members without the disease. Clinical manifestations 1. Slow onset, mostly in middle-aged and elderly obese women, often with a history of exertion. 2. The pain is aggravated by knee joint activity, characterized by paroxysmal pain at first, then persistent pain, more so at night and during exertion, and obvious pain when walking up and down stairs. 3. The knee joint activity is limited, or even limping. Very few patients may develop interlocking phenomenon or knee joint effusion. 4. There may be popping and grinding sounds when the joint moves, and some patients have swollen joints, and joint deformity can be seen over time. 5. Knee pain is a common complaint of patients with this disease. The early symptoms are pain when going up and down stairs, especially when going downstairs, unilateral or bilateral, and joint enlargement, mostly due to bony hypertrophy, or joint effusion. Synovial hypertrophy is rare. In severe cases, an inversion deformity of the knee may occur. Examination Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage and osteophytes. It is also known as proliferative knee osteoarthritis and age-related knee osteoarthritis. It is most common in middle-aged and elderly people, with more women than men. The pathology is characterized by focal degeneration of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone densification (sclerosis), marginal osteochondral bone redundancy and joint deformity. Diagnosis 1. History of repeated strain or trauma. 2. Knee pain and stiffness, more pronounced in the morning when waking up, relieved by activity, aggravated by more activity, and relieved by rest. 3, Late pain persists, joint movement is significantly limited, quadriceps atrophy, joint effusion, and even deformity and intra-articular free body. 4. Friction sounds can be detected during knee flexion and extension activities. 5. Frontal and lateral photographs of the knee joint show lip-like osteophytes on the joint edges of the patella, femoral condyles, and tibial plateau, with the intercondylar bulge of the tibia becoming pointed, the joint space narrowing, and the subchondral bone becoming dense, and sometimes intra-articular free bodies are seen. Treatment 1.Non-surgical treatment (conservative treatment) includes physical therapy, drugs, injection therapy and Chinese herbal medicine treatment. 2. Surgical treatment (1) Knee arthroscopy and cleanup This is a new and safe technique for diagnosing and treating knee diseases, which makes patients suffer less pain and complications, and has the characteristics of fast recovery and significant curative effect. (2) Knee joint replacement is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged knee joint partially or completely with an artificially manufactured joint part, which involves removing the worn and damaged joint surface and implanting an artificial joint, just like braces, to restore the normal smooth joint surface.