Pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor composed of anterior pituitary cells. Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial tumors, accounting for approximately 10% of intracranial tumors. However, in terms of location, the pituitary gland is the most common site for tumors to occur within the skull. The detection rate of pituitary tumors in series of autopsies is 2%-30%. In recent years, there is an increasing trend. According to a large epidemiological survey in the United States, the incidence of pituitary adenomas is 7.5-15 per 100,000. During autopsies of patients who die normally, reports vary from 9% to 65%.
Like other tumors in the body, the exact mechanism of pituitary adenoma is not fully understood, but it is completely curable with early diagnosis and treatment. No conclusive evidence has been found that pituitary tumors are hereditary, so even if a pituitary tumor is born, it will not be passed on to the next generation.
Pituitary tumors usually occur in young adulthood and often affect the patient’s growth and development, reproductive function, and ability to learn and work. Pituitary tumors can cause a variety of endocrine symptoms and damage to multiple organs and organs, and treatment requires not only removing the tumor, but also preserving and restoring normal pituitary function, as well as treating hypertension, diabetes mellitus, infertility, water and salt metabolism disorders caused by abnormal hormone secretion. With the accumulation of experience, increased knowledge of molecular biology of tumors, and the continuous use of advanced examination techniques, it is possible to achieve a real cure for pituitary tumors in the future.