The female reproductive system consists of the external and internal genitalia. The external genitalia, also known as the vulva, consists mainly of the mons veneris, labia, clitoris and vaginal vestibule; the internal genitalia are the inner parts of the genitals, including the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The fallopian tubes and ovaries are often referred to as the uterine appendages. The internal genitalia are located primarily in the lower abdomen of the female. The external genitalia include the mons pubis, labia, clitoris, and vaginal vestibule. The mons pubis is located in front of the pubic symphysis and is one of the secondary sex characteristics, as curly pubic hair begins to grow on the skin above it at the onset of puberty. The labia include the labia majora and labia minora. The vaginal vestibule contains the urethral opening, the vaginal opening and the vestibular glands. The ovaries are the female gonadal organs that produce and discharge eggs periodically and secrete estrogen, progesterone and a small amount of androgen. Diseases that affect the endocrine function of the ovaries can also affect ovulation, reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics in women. The fallopian tube is the site where sperm and egg combine for fertilization, and it is also the tube that transports the fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation. If the transport of the fertilized egg is abnormal, an ectopic pregnancy may form. The uterus consists of the body of the uterus and the cervix, and the body of the uterus consists of the plasma, myometrial, and endometrial layers. The lining of the uterus is where menstruation is formed and the fetus is conceived. Diseases of the uterus can affect the fertilization of the egg and affect the process of pregnancy. A thorough examination of the reproductive system is recommended when a woman is preparing for pregnancy. When a pathology of the organs of the reproductive system affects conception, it is important to identify the cause and then treat it as soon as possible.