Type 2 diabetes is a common disease, the incidence of which has increased significantly in the past 20 years, and the age of onset has advanced. The prevalence of diabetes in China is also increasing year by year. Numerous studies have confirmed that type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death, and for end-stage renal disease and death, and that this risk is exacerbated by the combination of hypertension. Nearly half of all type 2 diabetes is associated with hypertension. In type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is the earliest clinical evidence of diabetic nephropathy, and elevated urinary microalbumin is a risk factor for death. Once the progression from microalbuminuria to proteinuria is achieved, further reduction of renal function will be inevitable. Therefore, screening for microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is necessary to decide early on the appropriate treatment to slow this progressive process. The main strategies to prevent the progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes include: effective control of blood glucose and blood pressure, control of salt and protein intake, administration of a good quality low protein diet, appropriate relaxation of carbohydrate intake, and the patient must receive standardized treatment in a regular hospital.