Since listening to a lecture by Nobel Laureate Professor Marshall of the University of Western Australia, the discoverer of HP, at Shantou University in 2012, I have become more and more aware of the importance of H. pylori in clinical practice for digestive diseases (of course, it also affects other systems). Therefore, nowadays, I usually encourage patients with “stomach problems” to have HP tests in addition to routine endoscopy. Because HP has been found to be the most important cause of chronic gastritis, more than 90% of chronic gastritis has HP infection. According to Xiao Yong of the Department of Internal Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine, according to Wikipedia, “More than 50% of the world’s population carries preexisting Helicobacter pylori in the upper part of the digestive system. The infection is more prevalent in developing countries, while the impact in Western countries is gradually decreasing. The route of transmission of H. pylori is unknown, but individuals are usually infected at an early age.” Regarding HP screening methods, there are usually 2 clinical categories: invasive and noninvasive tests. The former is done by sampling during endoscopy, while the latter includes serum antibody testing, C14 urea breath test, and fecal Hp antigen testing. To eradicate HP, the most common treatment regimen is proton pump blocker/bismuth + 2 antibiotics = triple therapy. To prevent the occurrence of drug resistance, proton pump blocker + bismuth + 2 antibiotics = quadruple therapy is also available.