I. How do I know if my child (newborn) is full? 1. The breasts are full before breastfeeding and soft after breastfeeding. 2. Swallowing sound can be heard when feeding (several times to a dozen times in a row) 3. The mother has the feeling of giving milk. 4. The diaper is wet 6 times or more in 24 hours. 5. The baby is content and quiet between feedings. 6. The child has soft, golden-yellow, paste-like stools 2-4 times a day. 7, the child’s weight increased by 125g-210g per week on average.(The opposite example: 2010-6-30, 7 months old child, weight 5.5KG, no fat under the skin, that is, skin and bone state, most of the nerve reflexes have not been induced, but the child was born with a weight of 3kg or more, the child’s parents did not come to see until now, suspected of metabolic disease) Second, how to give the child a bath? 1, the room temperature should be 23-26 ℃, the water temperature is generally 37-38 ℃ (touch not hot) 2, with the left arm and palm from the back of the baby drag his head and neck, so that his lower body fixed in the bend of your arm and waist. Then use your left thumb and middle finger to pinch your baby’s two auricles to make them fold back and block the ears to avoid ear water ingress and middle ear infection. 3. Avoid soaking the umbilical cord when it has not fallen off into a scab, you should scrub the upper and lower half of the body separately and do not put the baby into water. After shedding, you can put him in the basin and use your left arm to drag the back of the head and armpit, and wash the upper and lower body starting from the neck. 4, the order is to wash the face, wash the head – wash the neck – upper and lower body – limbs, the action should be fast. 5, Note: the neck, armpits, elbow sockets, thigh grooves and other skin folds finger seams, toe seams wash clean, it is best not to powder to avoid blocking the pores affect the skin excretion of metabolic substances. Third, what is save belly? Breastfed children are more golden yellow paste stools, the number of times varies, 1-4 times a day or 5-6 times or even more. Sometimes it is the opposite, often 2-3 days or 4-5 days to defecate once, but the stool is not dry, still in the form of soft stool or paste stool, defecation to force breath, face red, as if defecation difficulties, which is also a common phenomenon of breast-fed children, commonly known as “save belly”. Fourth, how to care for the umbilical cord of newborns? The umbilical stump is usually shed in 3-7 days. The wrapped gauze should be opened 24 hours after birth to promote the drying of the umbilical cord stump. When handling the umbilical cord, wash your hands and pick up the umbilical cord with your left hand, gently lift it up and wipe off all the secretions and blood with a sterile alcohol swab around the root of the umbilical cord with your right hand 1-2 times a day to keep the umbilical cord clean. It is also important to change diapers regularly to avoid contaminating the umbilicus with urine and stool. If you find purulent secretions at the umbilical cord root, and the umbilical cord is red, you should seek medical attention promptly. V. When does the child start to urinate and defecate after birth? Regular urination and defecation can make parents wash fewer diapers, which is more conducive to the cleanliness of the baby’s skin and the development of hygiene habits. Therefore, you can start to “put the urine and stool” after 20 days after birth, learn to listen to the sound and use the “put” position to defecate and urinate. 1, usually pay attention to observe the natural pattern of the baby’s urination and defecation time, general urination and defecation occur more after waking up after the river to eat, at this time can be timely poop and urination. 2, urinate with “shhhh” sound and a certain posture; put the stool when combined with the “mmmmm” sound and the stool posture, and gradually form a conditioned reflex. 3, pay attention to let the baby’s head and back against the adult body length, each time not more than 3-5 minutes, the baby cries and jerking to show refusal, do not force, do not be too diligent, so as not to cause frequent urination. 4, the child was born prematurely, serious calcium deficiency can be postponed to the start of the urine and stool time. Six, can you use commercially available fresh orange juice, coconut juice, etc. instead of homemade juice, vegetable water for children to drink? First, commercially available beverages are more or less food additives, not suitable for children to drink; second, because most commercially available beverages are not juice raw materials, but prepared into, can not supplement the vitamins required for infants, even if some drinks contain a small amount of the original juice, after repeated sterilization and processing of vitamins left few. Therefore, it is best to give children juice and vegetable water to do it yourself. Vegetable water and juice water is the main food to increase the vitamin C for children, because the content of vitamin C in various dairy products are not much, even fresh milk, in the boiling process, the vitamin contained in the loss is also very large, there are few left, not to mention milk powder type food. So vegetable water and fresh fruit juice has become the best food for babies to replenish the vitamins they need in their bodies. Fresh juice production method: if you have a press, you can wash and peel oranges, mandarins and other fruits, and then process the dregs with water and a small amount of sugar and put it into a bottle to feed the child. Seven, the birthmark is not a disease The child is born and even after a period of time, you can see the body has green patches, which is commonly known as “fetal green mark”. The birthmark is mostly found on the back, sacrum, buttocks and rarely on the limbs of the child, and occasionally on the head and face. The shape varies in size, and the color varies in shade. This kind of cyanosis is the result of pigment cell accumulation during the fetal period, which has no effect on the body and will gradually fade away with the growth of children and does not need treatment. Eight, choose a suitable pillow for infants Before 3 months old, infants may not sleep on pillows, because the spine of infants born soon is straight, the natural bend has not been formed, lying down, the back and the back of the head on the same plane, the shoulders and head basically the same width, so supine and side lying do not need to use pillows to cushion the head, such as to prevent vomiting can be slightly padded upper body some. That is, you can use a pillow towel or towel paste two fold pad behind the baby pillow. After three months, you can give the infant pillow. Length should be equal to shoulder width or slightly wider, width slightly longer than the head height generally 3-5 cm, (baby pillow 3 cm high, 15 cm wide, 30 cm long more appropriate) pillowcase preferably made of cotton, to ensure soft and breathable. Pillow heart softness and hardness to be appropriate, to fluffy non-deformable items is good. Generally use buckwheat bark, bushy velvet, dried tea leaves after drinking, etc. Texture too hard pillow easy to make the child’s head deformation, not conducive to the development of the head, too soft is not good, when the child pillow, the weight of the head down, half of the scalp close to the pillow, will make the blood flow is not smooth. Nine, how to prevent children from sleeping on the head After the birth of the child, the head is normal symmetry (except for forceps, vaginal delivery excessive extrusion), but because of the low bone density during infancy, bone development is fast, so in the development process is very vulnerable to external conditions. If the child’s head is always turned sideways, the occipital bone on the side under pressure becomes flattened and the head becomes asymmetrical. 1 year old infants, sleep accounts for a large part of the day, therefore, to prevent children from sleeping on the wrong side of the head, first of all, we should pay attention to the position of the child’s head during sleep, to keep the force on both sides of the head even. If the child is used to favoring one side, parents should turn the child’s head to the other side and lean on the side the child likes to favor with a towel when the child is asleep. In addition, children tend to face their mothers while sleeping and turn their heads to their mothers’ side while breastfeeding. In order not to affect the child’s cranial development, the mother should often switch positions with the child. If the child is already sleeping on the wrong side of the head, parents should correct it in the way described above. When the child is more than 1.5 years old, the self-adjustment of bone development is difficult and the deviation of the head is not easy to correct. What is the matter with children who often spit up milk? Some children have the problem of spitting up after birth, and in the second month, they still spit up often. Some of them spit up after a while, and some of them spit up in about 20 minutes. What is this? It turns out that the human stomach has two mouths, the upper mouth is called the cardia and the lower mouth is called the pylorus. The cardia is connected to the esophagus, and the pylorus is connected to the duodenum. In children, the cardia muscle develops loosely during growth, while the pylorus muscle tends to spasm. Children spit up milk in the shape of tofu brain, which is the result of milk protein forming milk lumps under the action of stomach acid. For children who often vomit, feed them less, and hold them for a while after feeding them. The posture of holding is to make the baby’s upper body straight, crawl on the adult’s shoulder, and then gently pat the child’s back with your hand until the child’s diaphragm expels the air contained in the stomach. At this time, gently place the child on the bed with the pillow higher and lie down to the right side, which can reduce vomiting. Spitting up is a physiological phenomenon that does not need to be taken care of and will be relieved on its own as the child grows older and the body continues to develop. If the spitting up is frequent and jet-like, and the spitting up is accompanied by yellow-green liquid and other things, you must not ignore it and go to the hospital in time for examination.