Avian influenza generally occurs only between birds, and only rarely can it be transmitted from infected birds to humans. Under normal circumstances, avian influenza is not transmitted to humans, but only between birds. However, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an acute respiratory infection caused by some strains of certain subtypes of avian influenza A viruses. Some strains of H7, H5, H9 and H10 subtypes have been reported to infect humans. H7N3, H9N2, H5N1, H7N7, H7N2, etc. are the subtypes of avian influenza viruses that can infect humans. For the condition of the infected subtypes varies with the different subtypes of infections, the mild cases seem to be like common colds, and the severe cases can cause sepsis, shock, multiple organ failure and pulmonary hemorrhage and other complications and death, among which patients infected with the subtypes of H5N1 suffer from a severe condition with a high case fatality rate. Infection can also occur in humans through direct or indirect contact with poultry infected with avian influenza viruses or their secretions, excreta or tissues, and infection can be triggered by contact with poultry suffering from avian influenza or carrying avian influenza viruses, but there is no conclusive evidence of human-to-human transmission yet. Once a person is infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza, he or she needs to be isolated in a timely manner and receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible within 48 hours of the onset of the disease. Nutritional support, respiratory support, and other complementary treatments should be provided according to the severity of the symptoms to prevent and treat the related complications and to prevent the occurrence of infection.