Left renal cyst decortication and decompression is a surgical procedure used to treat renal cysts. The specific operation is to remove the most superficial cyst wall of the renal cyst by means of open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, so that the cyst cavity can be completely opened, the cystic fluid can be drained fluently, and the body can also absorb the cystic fluid produced by the subsequent cyst wall rapidly, which can provide a thorough treatment for renal cysts. Compared with ultrasound-guided cyst puncture, decortication decompression has a more thorough therapeutic effect. Cystocentesis only extracts the cystic fluid from the cyst, which can only temporarily relieve the compression symptoms of the cyst, but the wall of the cyst will continue to secrete cystic fluid, so it is easy to recur. It should be noted that there are some risks in decortication, if the location of renal cyst is deeper, the renal tissue or renal pelvis and renal blood vessels may be injured during decortication, in addition, if the inner part of the renal cyst is connected with the renal collecting system, urinary leakage may occur after decortication. Therefore, patients with renal cysts must go to regular hospitals for examination and choose the most appropriate treatment plan under the guidance of specialists.