Breast cancer is a serious health hazard for women, and its incidence is not only increasing year by year, but also tends to be younger. Radical breast cancer surgery and modified radical surgery are still the basic procedures for breast cancer treatment in most hospitals in China. However, due to the extensive destructive nature of radical and modified radical breast cancer surgery, postoperative breast deficiency and devastating damage to female secondary sexual characteristics, patients face a series of complex psychological dilemmas, which even affect their social, professional and family relationships. With the development of medicine and the continuous research on the biological characteristics of breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery and post-mastectomy stage I reconstruction have emerged in recent years as a new technology that is gaining more and more attention. Breast-conserving surgery can not only achieve the same surgical results as radical breast cancer surgery and modified radical surgery, but also alleviate the negative psychology caused by the absence of breast and improve the quality of life of patients. However, breast-conserving surgery is mainly applicable to those with clinical 0, stage I and those with tumor diameter less than 3cm and distance from nipple greater than 3cm in stage II, so radical surgery still cannot be abandoned at present. For these patients, post-mastectomy stage I reconstruction is a better choice. The current reconstructive procedures include small incision mastectomy with prosthesis filling (saline prosthesis, silicone prosthesis, etc.), ipsilateral tilted latissimus dorsi muscle flap transfer breast reconstruction, tilted latissimus dorsi muscle flap transfer combined with prosthesis filling, tilted rectus abdominis muscle flap transfer breast reconstruction and free rectus abdominis muscle flap breast reconstruction, etc.