The risks of lumbar disc herniation surgery include nerve root injury, infection and bleeding. 1. Nerve root injury: due to the compression of the intervertebral disc on the nerve root, intraoperative operation needs to remove the intervertebral disc, which may cause some damage to the nerve root, thus resulting in temporary or permanent dysfunction of the nerve root. 2. Infection: Some contaminated surgical instruments, brought into the affected area during the operation, may become infected, and if the dural sac injury leads to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, it will also cause intracranial infection. 3. Bleeding: Because there are many venous plexuses around the lumbar vertebrae, improper operation during surgery may lead to bleeding in these venous plexuses, and a hematoma may be formed to compress the nerves after the surgery, resulting in numbness of the lower limbs and weakness of the symptoms. Lumbar disc herniation surgery has certain risks, and patients are advised to cooperate with doctors for active treatment.