Yang Yang is 6 years old and her round face is very cute. Recently, her grandmother found that she always makes a sound when she sleeps, and only then did the family notice that she was breathing through her throat, with her mouth open, rather than through her nose. Flat sleep is very obvious, side lying sound will be less. And usually also often nasal congestion and dry mouth, often need to drink water. Talking sound like a cold. The mother looked up the information on the Internet and found that it was very similar to snoring in children, so she hurriedly brought her child to the hospital for examination and asked the doctor, “What should I do if my child is always breathing with his mouth open?” The doctor saw that Yang Yang was short and chubby, with a short thick upper lip and a hanging upper lip, and a slightly slow response to answers. To her family, she said, “The child’s open-mouth breathing is due to nasopharyngeal proliferators and tonsils that are enlarged and blocking the airway.” Polysomnography also supported the diagnosis of snoring in children. With the consent of the family, we performed tonsillectomy and proliferator scraping on Yang Yang. Three months after the surgery, Yang Yang came to the hospital for a review and heard from his parents that after the surgery, Yang Yang’s nasal congestion was significantly reduced and he no longer snored during sleep and no longer breathed with his mouth open. …… There are many causes of open-mouth breathing and snoring in children, such as chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, hyperplasia of the proliferators, excessive length of the uvula and so on. Studies have found that proliferative and tonsillar hypertrophy are the most common causes of open-mouth breathing and snoring in children. The proliferators (also called adenoids) are located at the back of the nasal cavity, at the junction of the nasopharyngeal roof and posterior wall, similar to half a peeled orange, and, like the tonsils in the oropharynx, are composed of lymphoid tissue and are both immune organs. They are present after birth and increase in exposure to external allergens with age, and are largest at the age of 5-7 years. They generally gradually shrink after the age of 10. At this time, if they are repeatedly stimulated by inflammation, pathological hyperplasia occurs and they enlarge significantly, blocking the posterior nostril, pressing the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube and obstructing the upper respiratory tract, symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, hearing loss, open-mouth breathing and snoring during sleep will occur. Studies have found that if children have snoring problems in early childhood, even if they stop snoring later, their learning ability in adolescence will still be affected. In the past 30 years, as the country’s economy continues to develop at a high speed, people’s life has improved greatly. There are more and more little fat people around us. There are more and more open-mouth breathing and snoring while sleeping, but many family members think that children are small, eat a lot, sleep well, open-mouth breathing and snoring are not diseases and do not pay attention to them. They do not know that this is a manifestation of airway obstruction, which can cause insufficient oxygen supply to the sleeping brain, disrupt the sleep rhythm, make the child inattentive during the day, affect the learning performance of children, and thus hinder the development of intelligence. As a result of long-term open-mouth breathing, it can lead to facial bone development disorders, the maxilla becomes longer, the palate is high arched, the teeth are not aligned, the upper lip becomes thicker, the eyes are dull and the mouth is open, and the so-called “proliferative face” appears. It is often combined with tonsillar hypertrophy and inflammation, which affects nutrient absorption and systemic development; it can also act as a focal point and cause diseases in other organs. Medical findings: snoring in children has been one of the diseases that threaten children’s psychosomatic development. For children with open mouth breathing and excessive snoring, family members should take them to the hospital for examination and ask a specialist to check height, weight, nasal cavity, proliferative body and tonsil condition, and preferably conduct polysomnography. The cause of snoring should be carefully identified. For children with upper airway obstruction, apnea hypoventilation index (AHI, the average number of apnea per hour plus the number of respiratory insufficiency) greater than 5, oxygen saturation lower than 90% and snoring more than 60 decibels, polysomnography can be considered as children snoring, and treatment should be carried out; it can be done firstly by strengthening physical exercise, correcting bad eating habits, losing weight and doing some physical treatment (cryotherapy, laser, etc.) under the guidance of doctors. treatment (freezing, laser, etc.). If the effect is not obvious after a period of time, surgery can be considered. It is generally believed that surgery is needed when the proliferators and tonsils have lesions, suspected foci (such as patients with rheumatic heart disease and nephritis) and when the physiological function is affected (snoring is obvious and development is affected). Generally, surgery over 5 years old will not affect immune function and body resistance. In order to ensure the healthy growth and development of the child, it is necessary to bring the child to the ENT department for examination and ask the specialist to determine the treatment plan.